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    <fileDesc>
      <titleStmt>
        <title type="main">Wurdahuzdą: Proto-Germanic dictionary — *klibāną</title>
        <author>Scott K. Shay</author>
      </titleStmt>
      <publicationStmt>
        <publisher>Wardja Press</publisher>
        <date when="2026-10-01"/>
        <idno type="URL">https://protogermanic.org/pgmc_klibāną</idno>
      </publicationStmt>
      <sourceDesc>
        <p>Single-entry extract from the dictionary. Cross-references to other entries point to their identifiers in the full dictionary.</p>
      </sourceDesc>
    </fileDesc>
  </teiHeader>
  <text>
    <body>
      <div type="dictionary">
        <entry xml:id="pgmc_klibana" type="verb" corresp="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/klibāną">
          <form type="lemma">
            <orth>klibāną</orth>
            <pron notation="ipa">ˈkli.βɑː.nɑ̃</pron>
            <form type="runic">
              <orth>ᚲᛚᛁᛒᚨᚾᚨ</orth>
            </form>
          </form>
          <gramGrp>
            <pos>verb</pos>
            <gram type="class">Weak class 3</gram>
          </gramGrp>
          <sense n="1">
            <def>to stick, to adhere</def>
          </sense>
          <etym>
            <seg type="p">A stative derived from the root of *klībaną (‘to stick’).</seg>
          </etym>
          <re type="paradigm">
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #act #p1 #sg">
              <orth>klibō</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #act #p2 #sg">
              <orth>klibaisi</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #imper #act #p2 #sg">
              <orth>klibai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #pass #p2 #sg">
              <orth>klibāsai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #act #p3 #sg">
              <orth>klibaiþi</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #imper #act #p3 #sg">
              <orth>klibāþau</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #pass #p3 #sg">
              <orth>klibāþai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #act #p1 #du">
              <orth>klibōs</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #act #p2 #du">
              <orth>klibāþiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #imper #act #p2 #du">
              <orth>klibāþiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #act #p1 #pl">
              <orth>klibāmaz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #pass #p1 #pl">
              <orth>klibānþai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #act #p2 #pl">
              <orth>klibaiþ</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #imper #act #p2 #pl">
              <orth>klibaiþ</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #pass #p2 #pl">
              <orth>klibānþai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #act #p3 #pl">
              <orth>klibānþi</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #imper #act #p3 #pl">
              <orth>klibānþau</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #pass #p3 #pl">
              <orth>klibānþai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #ind #p1 #sg">
              <orth>klibadǭ</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #subj #p1 #sg">
              <orth>klibadēdį̄</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #ind #p2 #sg">
              <orth>klibadēz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #subj #p2 #sg">
              <orth>klibadēdīz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #ind #p3 #sg">
              <orth>klibadē</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #subj #p3 #sg">
              <orth>klibadēdī</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #ind #p1 #du">
              <orth>klibadēdū</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #subj #p1 #du">
              <orth>klibadēdīw</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #ind #p2 #du">
              <orth>klibadēdudiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #subj #p2 #du">
              <orth>klibadēdīdiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #ind #p1 #pl">
              <orth>klibadēdum</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #subj #p1 #pl">
              <orth>klibadēdīm</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #ind #p2 #pl">
              <orth>klibadēdud</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #subj #p2 #pl">
              <orth>klibadēdīd</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #ind #p3 #pl">
              <orth>klibadēdun</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #subj #p3 #pl">
              <orth>klibadēdīn</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="participle" subtype="present">
              <orth>klibāndz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="participle" subtype="past">
              <orth>klibadaz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="infinitive">
              <orth>klibāną</orth>
            </form>
          </re>
          <re type="descendants">
            <list>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*klibēn</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old Dutch</lang>
                    <orth>clivon</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Middle Dutch</lang>
                      <orth>cleven</orth>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Dutch</lang>
                        <orth>kleven</orth>
                        <form type="descendant">
                          <lang>Afrikaans</lang>
                          <orth>kleef, klewe</orth>
                        </form>
                      </form>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*klibēn</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old English</lang>
                    <orth>clifian, cleofian</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Middle English</lang>
                      <orth>clivien, cleovien, clevien, cleven</orth>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>English</lang>
                        <orth>cleave</orth>
                      </form>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Scots</lang>
                        <orth>cleve, cleif</orth>
                      </form>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*klibēn</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old Frisian</lang>
                    <orth>*klivia, *klevia</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Saterland Frisian</lang>
                      <orth>klieuwje</orth>
                    </form>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>West Frisian</lang>
                      <orth>kleevje, klibje</orth>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*klibēn</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old High German</lang>
                    <orth>klebēn, chlebēn, *klevōn, clevōne, clivōda</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Middle High German</lang>
                      <orth>kleben</orth>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Luxembourgish</lang>
                        <orth>kliewen</orth>
                      </form>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Yiddish</lang>
                        <orth>קלעפּן (klepn), קלעבן (klebn)</orth>
                      </form>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*klibēn</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old High German</lang>
                    <orth>klebēn, chlebēn, *klevōn, clevōne, clivōda</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Middle High German</lang>
                      <orth>kleben</orth>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>German</lang>
                        <orth>kleben</orth>
                        <form type="descendant">
                          <lang>Danish</lang>
                          <orth>klæbe</orth>
                        </form>
                        <form type="descendant">
                          <lang>Estonian</lang>
                          <orth>kleepima</orth>
                        </form>
                        <form type="descendant">
                          <lang>Swedish</lang>
                          <orth>klibba</orth>
                        </form>
                      </form>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*klibēn</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old Saxon</lang>
                    <orth>klibōn, klivōn, *klevōn</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Middle Low German</lang>
                      <orth>klēven</orth>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>German Low German</lang>
                        <orth>kleven</orth>
                      </form>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Low German</lang>
                        <orth>kliven</orth>
                      </form>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Old Norse</lang>
                  <orth>klifa</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Icelandic</lang>
                    <orth>klifa</orth>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Old Norse</lang>
                  <orth>*klibōną</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Icelandic</lang>
                    <orth>klifa</orth>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
            </list>
          </re>
        </entry>
      </div>
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