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      <titleStmt>
        <title type="main">Wurdahuzdą: Proto-Germanic dictionary — *klūtaz</title>
        <author>Scott K. Shay</author>
      </titleStmt>
      <publicationStmt>
        <publisher>Wardja Press</publisher>
        <date when="2026-10-02"/>
        <idno type="URL">https://protogermanic.org/pgmc_klūtaz</idno>
      </publicationStmt>
      <sourceDesc>
        <p>Single-entry extract from the dictionary. Cross-references to other entries point to their identifiers in the full dictionary.</p>
      </sourceDesc>
    </fileDesc>
  </teiHeader>
  <text>
    <body>
      <div type="dictionary">
        <entry xml:id="pgmc_klutaz" type="noun" corresp="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/klūtaz">
          <form type="lemma">
            <orth>klūtaz</orth>
            <pron notation="ipa">ˈkluː.tɑz</pron>
            <form type="runic">
              <orth>ᚲᛚᚢᛏᚨᛉ</orth>
            </form>
          </form>
          <gramGrp>
            <pos>noun</pos>
            <gram type="gender">masculine</gram>
            <gram type="stem">a-stem</gram>
          </gramGrp>
          <sense n="1">
            <def>lump, clod</def>
          </sense>
          <sense n="2">
            <def>boulder, rock</def>
          </sense>
          <sense n="3">
            <def>hill</def>
          </sense>
          <etym>
            <seg type="p">From Proto-Indo-European *glewdos, from *gel- (‘to ball up; amass; clench’). Compare Proto-West Germanic *klott (‘clot’), as well as Old Armenian կեղտ (kełt, ‘dirt’).</seg>
          </etym>
          <re type="paradigm">
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #nom">
              <orth>klūtaz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #nom">
              <orth>klūtōz, klūtōs</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #acc">
              <orth>klūtą</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #acc">
              <orth>klūtanz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #gen">
              <orth>klūtas, klūtis</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #gen">
              <orth>klūtǫ̂</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #dat">
              <orth>klūtai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #dat">
              <orth>klūtamaz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #instr">
              <orth>klūtō</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #instr">
              <orth>klūtamiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #voc">
              <orth>klūt</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #voc">
              <orth>klūtōz, klūtōs</orth>
            </form>
          </re>
          <re type="descendants">
            <list>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*klūt</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old Dutch</lang>
                    <orth>*klūta</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Middle Dutch</lang>
                      <orth>klute</orth>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Dutch</lang>
                        <orth>kluit</orth>
                      </form>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*klūt</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old English</lang>
                    <orth>clūt, clūd</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Middle English</lang>
                      <orth>cloud, cloude, clowd, clowde, clud, clude, clouþe, cloyd, kloude</orth>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>English</lang>
                        <orth>cloud</orth>
                      </form>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Scots</lang>
                        <orth>clud, clood</orth>
                      </form>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*klūt</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old English</lang>
                    <orth>clūt, clūd</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Middle English</lang>
                      <orth>clout, clowt, cloute, clowte, clowtt</orth>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>English</lang>
                        <orth>clout</orth>
                        <form type="descendant">
                          <lang>Irish</lang>
                          <orth>clabhta</orth>
                        </form>
                      </form>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*klūt</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old English</lang>
                    <orth>clūt, clūd</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Middle English</lang>
                      <orth>clout, clowt, cloute, clowte, clowtt</orth>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Scots</lang>
                        <orth>cloot</orth>
                        <form type="descendant">
                          <lang>Irish</lang>
                          <orth>clúta</orth>
                        </form>
                      </form>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*klūt</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old Saxon</lang>
                    <orth>*klūt</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Middle Low German</lang>
                      <orth>klût, klûte</orth>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Low German</lang>
                        <orth>Kluut, Kluute</orth>
                      </form>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Old Norse</lang>
                  <orth>klútr</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Icelandic</lang>
                    <orth>klútur</orth>
                  </form>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Swedish</lang>
                    <orth>klut</orth>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Old Norse</lang>
                  <orth>klútr</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Norwegian</lang>
                    <orth>?</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Norwegian Bokmål</lang>
                      <orth>klut</orth>
                    </form>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Norwegian Nynorsk</lang>
                      <orth>klut</orth>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Old Danish</lang>
                  <orth>klut</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Danish</lang>
                    <orth>klud</orth>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
            </list>
          </re>
        </entry>
      </div>
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