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    <fileDesc>
      <titleStmt>
        <title type="main">Wurdahuzdą: Proto-Germanic dictionary — *knuttô</title>
        <author>Scott K. Shay</author>
      </titleStmt>
      <publicationStmt>
        <publisher>Wardja Press</publisher>
        <date when="2026-10-01"/>
        <idno type="URL">https://protogermanic.org/pgmc_knuttô</idno>
      </publicationStmt>
      <sourceDesc>
        <p>Single-entry extract from the dictionary. Cross-references to other entries point to their identifiers in the full dictionary.</p>
      </sourceDesc>
    </fileDesc>
  </teiHeader>
  <text>
    <body>
      <list type="cognates">
        <item xml:id="cog_ine-x-proto_gnod" xml:lang="ine-x-proto" type="etymon">
          <orth>*gnod-</orth>
          <def>to bind</def>
        </item>
        <item xml:id="cog_lat_nodus" xml:lang="lat" type="cognate">
          <orth>nōdus</orth>
          <def>node</def>
        </item>
      </list>
      <div type="dictionary">
        <entry xml:id="pgmc_knutto" type="noun" corresp="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/knuttô">
          <form type="lemma">
            <orth>knuttô</orth>
            <pron notation="ipa">ˈknut.tɔːː</pron>
            <form type="runic">
              <orth>ᚲᚾᚢᛏᛟ</orth>
            </form>
          </form>
          <gramGrp>
            <pos>noun</pos>
            <gram type="gender">masculine</gram>
            <gram type="stem">an-stem</gram>
          </gramGrp>
          <sense n="1">
            <def>a knot</def>
          </sense>
          <etym>
            <seg type="p">Traditionally derived from a Proto-Indo-European <mentioned xml:lang="ine-x-proto" target="#cog_ine-x-proto_gnod"><ref target="#cog_ine-x-proto_gnod">*gnod-</ref></mentioned> (‘to bind’), and compared with Latin <mentioned xml:lang="lat" target="#cog_lat_nodus"><ref target="#cog_lat_nodus">nōdus</ref></mentioned> (‘node’), Proto-Germanic *knudaną (‘to knead’). However, Kroonen instead derives the term from Proto-Indo-European *ǵnu-ton, a ton-formation from *ǵónu (‘knee; node’).</seg>
          </etym>
          <re type="paradigm">
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #nom">
              <orth>knuttô</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #nom">
              <orth>knuttaniz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #acc">
              <orth>knuttanų</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #acc">
              <orth>knuttanunz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #gen">
              <orth>knuttiniz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #gen">
              <orth>knuttanǫ̂</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #dat">
              <orth>knuttini</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #dat">
              <orth>knuttammaz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #instr">
              <orth>knuttinē</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #instr">
              <orth>knuttammiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #voc">
              <orth>knuttô</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #voc">
              <orth>knuttaniz</orth>
            </form>
          </re>
          <re type="descendants">
            <list>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*knottō</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old Dutch</lang>
                    <orth>*knotto</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Middle Dutch</lang>
                      <orth>cnote, cnotte, cnudde</orth>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Dutch</lang>
                        <orth>knot</orth>
                      </form>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*knottō</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old English</lang>
                    <orth>cnotta</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Middle English</lang>
                      <orth>knotte, cnot, cnotte, knot, knote, knott, notte</orth>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>English</lang>
                        <orth>knot</orth>
                      </form>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Scots</lang>
                        <orth>knot</orth>
                      </form>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*knottō</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old Frisian</lang>
                    <orth>knotta</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Saterland Frisian</lang>
                      <orth>Knöt, Knät</orth>
                    </form>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>West Frisian</lang>
                      <orth>knotte</orth>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*knottō</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old High German</lang>
                    <orth>*knozzo, *knozza</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Middle High German</lang>
                      <orth>knotze</orth>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>German</lang>
                        <orth>Knotze</orth>
                      </form>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*knottō</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old Saxon</lang>
                    <orth>knotto</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Middle Low German</lang>
                      <orth>knotte, knutte</orth>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>German Low German</lang>
                        <orth>Knütt, Knütte</orth>
                      </form>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Old Norse</lang>
                  <orth>knútr</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Faroese</lang>
                    <orth>knútur</orth>
                  </form>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Icelandic</lang>
                    <orth>knútur, hnútur</orth>
                  </form>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Norwegian Nynorsk</lang>
                    <orth>knut</orth>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Old Norse</lang>
                  <orth>knútr</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old Danish</lang>
                    <orth>knutæ</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Danish</lang>
                      <orth>knude</orth>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Old Norse</lang>
                  <orth>knútr</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old Danish</lang>
                    <orth>knutæ</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Norwegian Bokmål</lang>
                      <orth>knute</orth>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Norwegian Nynorsk</lang>
                        <orth>knute</orth>
                      </form>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Old Norse</lang>
                  <orth>knútr</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old East Slavic</lang>
                    <orth>кнутъ (knutŭ)</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Russian</lang>
                      <orth>кнут (knut), кнутъ (knut)</orth>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Greek</lang>
                        <orth>κνούτο (knoúto)</orth>
                      </form>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Plautdietsch</lang>
                        <orth>Knutt</orth>
                      </form>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Polish</lang>
                        <orth>knut</orth>
                      </form>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Romanian</lang>
                        <orth>cnut</orth>
                      </form>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Slovak</lang>
                        <orth>knuta</orth>
                      </form>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Old Norse</lang>
                  <orth>knútr</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old East Slavic</lang>
                    <orth>кнутъ (knutŭ)</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Russian</lang>
                      <orth>кнут (knut), кнутъ (knut)</orth>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>French</lang>
                        <orth>knout</orth>
                        <form type="descendant">
                          <lang>English</lang>
                          <orth>knout</orth>
                        </form>
                      </form>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Old Norse</lang>
                  <orth>knútr</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old East Slavic</lang>
                    <orth>кнутъ (knutŭ)</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Russian</lang>
                      <orth>кнут (knut), кнутъ (knut)</orth>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>German</lang>
                        <orth>Knute</orth>
                        <form type="descendant">
                          <lang>Serbo-Croatian</lang>
                          <orth>?</orth>
                        </form>
                      </form>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Old Norse</lang>
                  <orth>knútr</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old Norse</lang>
                    <orth>Knútr</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Faroese</lang>
                      <orth>Knútur</orth>
                    </form>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Icelandic</lang>
                      <orth>Knútur</orth>
                    </form>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Norwegian</lang>
                      <orth>Knut</orth>
                    </form>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Old Dutch</lang>
                      <orth>Cnūt</orth>
                    </form>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Swedish</lang>
                      <orth>Knut</orth>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Old Norse</lang>
                  <orth>knútr</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old Norse</lang>
                    <orth>Knútr</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Anglo-Norman</lang>
                      <orth>*Canut, Kenut</orth>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Medieval Latin</lang>
                        <orth>Canūtus</orth>
                        <form type="descendant">
                          <lang>Italian</lang>
                          <orth>Canuto</orth>
                        </form>
                        <form type="descendant">
                          <lang>Portuguese</lang>
                          <orth>Canuto</orth>
                        </form>
                        <form type="descendant">
                          <lang>Spanish</lang>
                          <orth>Canuto</orth>
                        </form>
                      </form>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Old Norse</lang>
                  <orth>knútr</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old Norse</lang>
                    <orth>Knútr</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Anglo-Norman</lang>
                      <orth>*Canut, Kenut</orth>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Middle English</lang>
                        <orth>Canut</orth>
                        <form type="descendant">
                          <lang>English</lang>
                          <orth>Canute</orth>
                        </form>
                      </form>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Old Norse</lang>
                  <orth>knútr</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old Norse</lang>
                    <orth>Knútr</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Danish</lang>
                      <orth>Knud</orth>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Greenlandic</lang>
                        <orth>Kunuuti</orth>
                      </form>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Old Norse</lang>
                  <orth>knútr</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old Norse</lang>
                    <orth>Knútr</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Old English</lang>
                      <orth>Cnūt</orth>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>English</lang>
                        <orth>Cnut, Knut</orth>
                      </form>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Middle English</lang>
                        <orth>Knout, Knut</orth>
                      </form>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Old Norse</lang>
                  <orth>knútr</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old Swedish</lang>
                    <orth>knūter</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Finnish</lang>
                      <orth>nuttura</orth>
                    </form>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Swedish</lang>
                      <orth>knut</orth>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
            </list>
          </re>
        </entry>
      </div>
    </body>
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