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    <fileDesc>
      <titleStmt>
        <title type="main">Wurdahuzdą: Proto-Germanic dictionary — *knuzlijaną</title>
        <author>Scott K. Shay</author>
      </titleStmt>
      <publicationStmt>
        <publisher>Wardja Press</publisher>
        <date when="2026-10-02"/>
        <idno type="URL">https://protogermanic.org/pgmc_knuzlijaną</idno>
      </publicationStmt>
      <sourceDesc>
        <p>Single-entry extract from the dictionary. Cross-references to other entries point to their identifiers in the full dictionary.</p>
      </sourceDesc>
    </fileDesc>
  </teiHeader>
  <text>
    <body>
      <list type="cognates">
        <item xml:id="cog_ine-x-proto_gen" xml:lang="ine-x-proto" type="etymon">
          <orth>*gen-</orth>
          <def>to compress</def>
        </item>
      </list>
      <div type="dictionary">
        <entry xml:id="pgmc_knuzlijana" type="verb" corresp="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/knuzlijaną">
          <form type="lemma">
            <orth>knuzlijaną</orth>
            <pron notation="ipa">ˈknuz.li.jɑ.nɑ̃</pron>
            <form type="runic">
              <orth>ᚲᚾᚢᛉᛚᛁᛃᚨᚾᚨ</orth>
            </form>
          </form>
          <gramGrp>
            <pos>verb</pos>
            <gram type="class">Weak class 1</gram>
          </gramGrp>
          <sense n="1">
            <def>to butt; bump; knock; beat</def>
          </sense>
          <sense n="2">
            <def>to mash</def>
          </sense>
          <etym>
            <seg type="p">From *knus- (‘to crush; grind’), from Proto-Indo-European <mentioned xml:lang="ine-x-proto" target="#cog_ine-x-proto_gen"><ref target="#cog_ine-x-proto_gen">*gen-</ref></mentioned> (‘to squeeze; pinch; kink; bale’).</seg>
          </etym>
          <re type="paradigm">
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #act #p1 #sg">
              <orth>knuzlijō</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #act #p1 #sg">
              <orth>knuzlijaų</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #pass #p1 #sg">
              <orth>knuzlijai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #act #p2 #sg">
              <orth>knuzlīsi</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #act #p2 #sg">
              <orth>knuzlijais</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #imper #act #p2 #sg">
              <orth>knuzlī</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #pass #p2 #sg">
              <orth>knuzlijasai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #pass #p2 #sg">
              <orth>knuzlijaisau</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #act #p3 #sg">
              <orth>knuzlīþi</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #act #p3 #sg">
              <orth>knuzlijai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #imper #act #p3 #sg">
              <orth>knuzlijaþau</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #pass #p3 #sg">
              <orth>knuzlijaþai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #pass #p3 #sg">
              <orth>knuzlijaiþau</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #act #p1 #du">
              <orth>knuzlijōs</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #act #p1 #du">
              <orth>knuzlijaiw</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #act #p2 #du">
              <orth>knuzlijaþiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #act #p2 #du">
              <orth>knuzlijaiþiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #imper #act #p2 #du">
              <orth>knuzlijaþiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #act #p1 #pl">
              <orth>knuzlijamaz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #act #p1 #pl">
              <orth>knuzlijaim</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #pass #p1 #pl">
              <orth>knuzlijanþai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #pass #p1 #pl">
              <orth>knuzlijainþau</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #act #p2 #pl">
              <orth>knuzlīþ</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #act #p2 #pl">
              <orth>knuzlijaiþ</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #imper #act #p2 #pl">
              <orth>knuzlīþ</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #pass #p2 #pl">
              <orth>knuzlijanþai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #pass #p2 #pl">
              <orth>knuzlijainþau</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #act #p3 #pl">
              <orth>knuzlijanþi</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #act #p3 #pl">
              <orth>knuzlijain</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #imper #act #p3 #pl">
              <orth>knuzlijanþau</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #pass #p3 #pl">
              <orth>knuzlijanþai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #pass #p3 #pl">
              <orth>knuzlijainþau</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #ind #p1 #sg">
              <orth>knuzlidǭ</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #subj #p1 #sg">
              <orth>knuzlidēdį̄</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #ind #p2 #sg">
              <orth>knuzlidēz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #subj #p2 #sg">
              <orth>knuzlidēdīz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #ind #p3 #sg">
              <orth>knuzlidē</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #subj #p3 #sg">
              <orth>knuzlidēdī</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #ind #p1 #du">
              <orth>knuzlidēdū</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #subj #p1 #du">
              <orth>knuzlidēdīw</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #ind #p2 #du">
              <orth>knuzlidēdudiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #subj #p2 #du">
              <orth>knuzlidēdīdiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #ind #p1 #pl">
              <orth>knuzlidēdum</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #subj #p1 #pl">
              <orth>knuzlidēdīm</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #ind #p2 #pl">
              <orth>knuzlidēdud</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #subj #p2 #pl">
              <orth>knuzlidēdīd</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #ind #p3 #pl">
              <orth>knuzlidēdun</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #subj #p3 #pl">
              <orth>knuzlidēdīn</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="participle" subtype="present">
              <orth>knuzlijandz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="participle" subtype="past">
              <orth>knuzlidaz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="infinitive">
              <orth>knuzlijaną</orth>
            </form>
          </re>
          <re type="descendants">
            <list>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*knuʀlijan</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old English</lang>
                    <orth>cnyllan, cnyllsan, cnylsian</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Middle English</lang>
                      <orth>knullen, knyllen, knillen, knellen</orth>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>English</lang>
                        <orth>knell</orth>
                      </form>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Scots</lang>
                        <orth>knell, knool</orth>
                      </form>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*knuʀlijan</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old High German</lang>
                    <orth>knullen</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Middle High German</lang>
                      <orth>knüllen</orth>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>German</lang>
                        <orth>knüllen</orth>
                      </form>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>German Low German</lang>
                        <orth>knüllen</orth>
                      </form>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Old Norse</lang>
                  <orth>knylla</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Danish</lang>
                    <orth>knolde</orth>
                  </form>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Faroese</lang>
                    <orth>knylla</orth>
                  </form>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Icelandic</lang>
                    <orth>knylla, hnylla</orth>
                  </form>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Norwegian Bokmål</lang>
                    <orth>knulle</orth>
                  </form>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Swedish</lang>
                    <orth>knulla</orth>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
            </list>
          </re>
        </entry>
      </div>
    </body>
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