<?xml version='1.0' encoding='UTF-8'?>
<TEI xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" xml:lang="en" version="4.12.0">
  <teiHeader>
    <fileDesc>
      <titleStmt>
        <title type="main">Wurdahuzdą: Proto-Germanic dictionary — *krabbô</title>
        <author>Scott K. Shay</author>
      </titleStmt>
      <publicationStmt>
        <publisher>Wardja Press</publisher>
        <date when="2026-10-01"/>
        <idno type="URL">https://protogermanic.org/pgmc_krabbô</idno>
      </publicationStmt>
      <sourceDesc>
        <p>Single-entry extract from the dictionary. Cross-references to other entries point to their identifiers in the full dictionary.</p>
      </sourceDesc>
    </fileDesc>
  </teiHeader>
  <text>
    <body>
      <list type="cognates">
        <item xml:id="cog_ine-x-proto_gerbh" xml:lang="ine-x-proto" type="etymon">
          <orth>*gerbʰ-</orth>
          <def>to scratch</def>
        </item>
      </list>
      <div type="dictionary">
        <entry xml:id="pgmc_krabbo" type="noun" corresp="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/krabbô">
          <form type="lemma">
            <orth>krabbô</orth>
            <pron notation="ipa">ˈkrɑb.bɔːː</pron>
            <form type="runic">
              <orth>ᚲᚱᚨᛒᛟ</orth>
            </form>
          </form>
          <gramGrp>
            <pos>noun</pos>
            <gram type="gender">masculine</gram>
            <gram type="stem">an-stem</gram>
          </gramGrp>
          <sense n="1">
            <def>crab</def>
          </sense>
          <etym>
            <seg type="p">An agent noun formation from *krabbōną (‘to scratch’), itself from Proto-Indo-European <mentioned xml:lang="ine-x-proto" target="#cog_ine-x-proto_gerbh"><ref target="#cog_ine-x-proto_gerbh">*gerbʰ-</ref></mentioned> (‘to scratch, crawl’).</seg>
          </etym>
          <re type="paradigm">
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #nom">
              <orth>krabbô</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #nom">
              <orth>krabbaniz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #acc">
              <orth>krabbanų</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #acc">
              <orth>krabbanunz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #gen">
              <orth>krabbiniz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #gen">
              <orth>krabbanǫ̂</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #dat">
              <orth>krabbini</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #dat">
              <orth>krabbammaz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #instr">
              <orth>krabbinē</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #instr">
              <orth>krabbammiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #voc">
              <orth>krabbô</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #voc">
              <orth>krabbaniz</orth>
            </form>
          </re>
          <re type="descendants">
            <list>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*krabbō</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old Dutch</lang>
                    <orth>*crabbo</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Middle Dutch</lang>
                      <orth>crabbe</orth>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Limburgish</lang>
                        <orth>krab</orth>
                      </form>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Picard</lang>
                        <orth>crape</orth>
                      </form>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Walloon</lang>
                        <orth>crappe, crape</orth>
                      </form>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*krabbō</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old Dutch</lang>
                    <orth>*crabbo</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Middle Dutch</lang>
                      <orth>crabbe</orth>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Dutch</lang>
                        <orth>krab</orth>
                        <form type="descendant">
                          <lang>Afrikaans</lang>
                          <orth>krap</orth>
                        </form>
                      </form>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*krabbō</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old English</lang>
                    <orth>crabba</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Middle English</lang>
                      <orth>crabbe</orth>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>English</lang>
                        <orth>crab</orth>
                      </form>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Scots</lang>
                        <orth>crab, craib</orth>
                      </form>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*krabbō</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old Frisian</lang>
                    <orth>*krabba</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>North Frisian</lang>
                      <orth>kraab</orth>
                    </form>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Saterland Frisian</lang>
                      <orth>Krabbe</orth>
                    </form>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>West Frisian</lang>
                      <orth>kraab, krab</orth>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*krabbō</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old High German</lang>
                    <orth>*chrappo, *krappo</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Middle High German</lang>
                      <orth>krappe</orth>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>German</lang>
                        <orth>Krappe</orth>
                      </form>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Luxembourgish</lang>
                        <orth>Krabb</orth>
                      </form>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*krabbō</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old Saxon</lang>
                    <orth>*krabbo</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Middle Low German</lang>
                      <orth>krabbe</orth>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>German</lang>
                        <orth>Krabbe</orth>
                      </form>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>German Low German</lang>
                        <orth>Krabbe, Krabb</orth>
                      </form>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Low German</lang>
                        <orth>Krabbe</orth>
                      </form>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Lower Sorbian</lang>
                        <orth>kraba</orth>
                      </form>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Old Norse</lang>
                  <orth>krabbi</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Faroese</lang>
                    <orth>krabbi</orth>
                  </form>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Icelandic</lang>
                    <orth>krabbi</orth>
                  </form>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Norn</lang>
                    <orth>krabbi</orth>
                  </form>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Norwegian Nynorsk</lang>
                    <orth>krabbe, krabbi, kræbbe</orth>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Old Norse</lang>
                  <orth>krabbi</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Danish</lang>
                    <orth>krabbe</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Norwegian Bokmål</lang>
                      <orth>krabbe</orth>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Old Norse</lang>
                  <orth>krabbi</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old French</lang>
                    <orth>crabe</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Middle French</lang>
                      <orth>crabe</orth>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>French</lang>
                        <orth>crabe</orth>
                      </form>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Norman</lang>
                        <orth>crabe</orth>
                      </form>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Romanian</lang>
                        <orth>crab</orth>
                      </form>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Old Norse</lang>
                  <orth>krabbi</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old Swedish</lang>
                    <orth>krabbe</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Swedish</lang>
                      <orth>krabba</orth>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <orth>others: ?</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Belarusian</lang>
                    <orth>краб (krab)</orth>
                  </form>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Czech</lang>
                    <orth>krab</orth>
                  </form>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Kashubian</lang>
                    <orth>krab, kraba</orth>
                  </form>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Latvian</lang>
                    <orth>krabis</orth>
                  </form>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Lithuanian</lang>
                    <orth>krabas</orth>
                  </form>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Lower Sorbian</lang>
                    <orth>kraba</orth>
                  </form>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Macedonian</lang>
                    <orth>крабар (krabar)</orth>
                  </form>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Polish</lang>
                    <orth>krab</orth>
                  </form>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Russian</lang>
                    <orth>краб (krab)</orth>
                  </form>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Slovak</lang>
                    <orth>krab</orth>
                  </form>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Ukrainian</lang>
                    <orth>краб (krab)</orth>
                  </form>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Upper Sorbian</lang>
                    <orth>kraba</orth>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <orth>others: ?</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Proto-Finnic</lang>
                    <orth>?</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Estonian</lang>
                      <orth>krabi</orth>
                    </form>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Finnish</lang>
                      <orth>rapu</orth>
                    </form>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Ingrian</lang>
                      <orth>krapu</orth>
                    </form>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Votic</lang>
                      <orth>krapu</orth>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <orth>others: ?</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Serbo-Croatian</lang>
                    <orth>?</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <orth>Cyrillic script: кра̏ба, Latin script: krȁba</orth>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
            </list>
          </re>
        </entry>
      </div>
    </body>
  </text>
</TEI>
