<?xml version='1.0' encoding='UTF-8'?>
<TEI xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" xml:lang="en" version="4.12.0">
  <teiHeader>
    <fileDesc>
      <titleStmt>
        <title type="main">Wurdahuzdą: Proto-Germanic dictionary — *krēaną</title>
        <author>Scott K. Shay</author>
      </titleStmt>
      <publicationStmt>
        <publisher>Wardja Press</publisher>
        <date when="2026-10-02"/>
        <idno type="URL">https://protogermanic.org/pgmc_krēaną</idno>
      </publicationStmt>
      <sourceDesc>
        <p>Single-entry extract from the dictionary. Cross-references to other entries point to their identifiers in the full dictionary.</p>
      </sourceDesc>
    </fileDesc>
  </teiHeader>
  <text>
    <body>
      <list type="cognates">
        <item xml:id="cog_ine-x-proto_gerh2_x2" xml:lang="ine-x-proto" type="etymon">
          <orth>*gerh₂-</orth>
          <def>to make a sound, cry hoarsely</def>
        </item>
      </list>
      <div type="dictionary">
        <entry xml:id="pgmc_kreana" type="verb" corresp="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/krēaną">
          <form type="lemma">
            <orth>krēaną</orth>
            <pron notation="ipa">ˈkrɛː.ɑ.nɑ̃</pron>
            <form type="runic">
              <orth>ᚲᚱᛖᚨᚾᚨ</orth>
            </form>
          </form>
          <gramGrp>
            <pos>verb</pos>
            <gram type="class">Strong class 7d</gram>
          </gramGrp>
          <sense n="1">
            <def>to crow, shout</def>
          </sense>
          <etym>
            <seg type="p">Perhaps from Proto-Indo-European <mentioned xml:lang="ine-x-proto" target="#cog_ine-x-proto_gerh2_x2"><ref target="#cog_ine-x-proto_gerh2_x2">*gerh₂-</ref></mentioned> (‘to cry hoarsely’).</seg>
          </etym>
          <re type="paradigm">
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #act #p1 #sg">
              <orth>krēō</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #act #p1 #sg">
              <orth>krēaų</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #pass #p1 #sg">
              <orth>krēai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #act #p2 #sg">
              <orth>krēizi</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #act #p2 #sg">
              <orth>krēaiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #imper #act #p2 #sg">
              <orth>krē</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #pass #p2 #sg">
              <orth>krēazai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #pass #p2 #sg">
              <orth>krēaizau</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #act #p3 #sg">
              <orth>krēidi</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #act #p3 #sg">
              <orth>krēai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #imper #act #p3 #sg">
              <orth>krēadau</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #pass #p3 #sg">
              <orth>krēadai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #pass #p3 #sg">
              <orth>krēaidau</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #act #p1 #du">
              <orth>krēōz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #act #p1 #du">
              <orth>krēaiw</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #act #p2 #du">
              <orth>krēadiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #act #p2 #du">
              <orth>krēaidiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #imper #act #p2 #du">
              <orth>krēadiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #act #p1 #pl">
              <orth>krēamaz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #act #p1 #pl">
              <orth>krēaim</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #pass #p1 #pl">
              <orth>krēandai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #pass #p1 #pl">
              <orth>krēaindau</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #act #p2 #pl">
              <orth>krēid</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #act #p2 #pl">
              <orth>krēaid</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #imper #act #p2 #pl">
              <orth>krēid</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #pass #p2 #pl">
              <orth>krēandai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #pass #p2 #pl">
              <orth>krēaindau</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #act #p3 #pl">
              <orth>krēandi</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #act #p3 #pl">
              <orth>krēain</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #imper #act #p3 #pl">
              <orth>krēandau</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #pass #p3 #pl">
              <orth>krēandai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #pass #p3 #pl">
              <orth>krēaindau</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #ind #p1 #sg">
              <orth>kekrē</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #subj #p1 #sg">
              <orth>kekrēį̄</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #ind #p2 #sg">
              <orth>kekrēt</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #subj #p2 #sg">
              <orth>kekrēīz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #ind #p3 #sg">
              <orth>kekrē</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #subj #p3 #sg">
              <orth>kekrēī</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #ind #p1 #du">
              <orth>kekrēū</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #subj #p1 #du">
              <orth>kekrēīw</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #ind #p2 #du">
              <orth>kekrēudiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #subj #p2 #du">
              <orth>kekrēīdiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #ind #p1 #pl">
              <orth>kekrēum</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #subj #p1 #pl">
              <orth>kekrēīm</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #ind #p2 #pl">
              <orth>kekrēud</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #subj #p2 #pl">
              <orth>kekrēīd</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #ind #p3 #pl">
              <orth>kekrēun</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #subj #p3 #pl">
              <orth>kekrēīn</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="participle" subtype="present">
              <orth>krēandz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="participle" subtype="past">
              <orth>krēanaz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="infinitive">
              <orth>krēaną</orth>
            </form>
          </re>
          <re type="descendants">
            <list>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*krāan</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old Dutch</lang>
                    <orth>crāien</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Middle Dutch</lang>
                      <orth>crâyen</orth>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Dutch</lang>
                        <orth>kraaien</orth>
                      </form>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*krāan</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old English</lang>
                    <orth>crāwan</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Middle English</lang>
                      <orth>crawen, crowen</orth>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>English</lang>
                        <orth>crow</orth>
                      </form>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Scots</lang>
                        <orth>craw</orth>
                      </form>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*krāan</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old High German</lang>
                    <orth>krāen</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Middle High German</lang>
                      <orth>kraen</orth>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>German</lang>
                        <orth>krähen</orth>
                      </form>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Luxembourgish</lang>
                        <orth>kréien</orth>
                      </form>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*krāan</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old Saxon</lang>
                    <orth>krāian</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Middle Low German</lang>
                      <orth>kreien</orth>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*krājan</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old Dutch</lang>
                    <orth>crāien</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Middle Dutch</lang>
                      <orth>crâyen</orth>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Dutch</lang>
                        <orth>kraaien</orth>
                      </form>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*krājan</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old English</lang>
                    <orth>crāwan</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Middle English</lang>
                      <orth>crawen, crowen</orth>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>English</lang>
                        <orth>crow</orth>
                      </form>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Scots</lang>
                        <orth>craw</orth>
                      </form>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*krājan</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old High German</lang>
                    <orth>krāen</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Middle High German</lang>
                      <orth>kraen</orth>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>German</lang>
                        <orth>krähen</orth>
                      </form>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Luxembourgish</lang>
                        <orth>kréien</orth>
                      </form>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*krājan</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old Saxon</lang>
                    <orth>krāian</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Middle Low German</lang>
                      <orth>kreien</orth>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
            </list>
          </re>
        </entry>
      </div>
    </body>
  </text>
</TEI>
