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  <teiHeader>
    <fileDesc>
      <titleStmt>
        <title type="main">Wurdahuzdą: Proto-Germanic dictionary — *krōkaz</title>
        <author>Scott K. Shay</author>
      </titleStmt>
      <publicationStmt>
        <publisher>Wardja Press</publisher>
        <date when="2026-10-02"/>
        <idno type="URL">https://protogermanic.org/pgmc_krōkaz</idno>
      </publicationStmt>
      <sourceDesc>
        <p>Single-entry extract from the dictionary. Cross-references to other entries point to their identifiers in the full dictionary.</p>
      </sourceDesc>
    </fileDesc>
  </teiHeader>
  <text>
    <body>
      <list type="cognates">
        <item xml:id="cog_ine-x-proto_greh2gos" xml:lang="ine-x-proto" type="etymon">
          <orth>*greh₂ǵos</orth>
          <def>a twist, rope, wicker, a tangle</def>
        </item>
        <item xml:id="cog_san_granthi" xml:lang="san" type="cognate">
          <orth>ग्रन्थि</orth>
          <form type="translit">
            <orth>granthí</orth>
          </form>
          <def>a knot, tie</def>
        </item>
      </list>
      <div type="dictionary">
        <entry xml:id="pgmc_krokaz" type="noun" corresp="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/krōkaz">
          <form type="lemma">
            <orth>krōkaz</orth>
            <pron notation="ipa">ˈkrɔː.kɑz</pron>
            <form type="runic">
              <orth>ᚲᚱᛟᚲᚨᛉ</orth>
            </form>
          </form>
          <gramGrp>
            <pos>noun</pos>
            <gram type="gender">masculine</gram>
            <gram type="stem">a-stem</gram>
          </gramGrp>
          <sense n="1">
            <def>something bent, a hook</def>
          </sense>
          <etym>
            <seg type="p">From Proto-Indo-European <mentioned xml:lang="ine-x-proto" target="#cog_ine-x-proto_greh2gos"><ref target="#cog_ine-x-proto_greh2gos">*greh₂ǵos</ref></mentioned> (‘a twist, rope, wicker, a tangle’), from *ger- (‘to turn, to wind’). Cognate with Sanskrit <mentioned xml:lang="san" target="#cog_san_granthi"><ref target="#cog_san_granthi">ग्रन्थि</ref></mentioned> (granthí, ‘a knot, tie’).</seg>
          </etym>
          <re type="paradigm">
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #nom">
              <orth>krōkaz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #nom">
              <orth>krōkōz, krōkōs</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #acc">
              <orth>krōką</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #acc">
              <orth>krōkanz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #gen">
              <orth>krōkas, krōkis</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #gen">
              <orth>krōkǫ̂</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #dat">
              <orth>krōkai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #dat">
              <orth>krōkamaz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #instr">
              <orth>krōkō</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #instr">
              <orth>krōkamiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #voc">
              <orth>krōk</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #voc">
              <orth>krōkōz, krōkōs</orth>
            </form>
          </re>
          <re type="descendants">
            <list>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*krōk</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old Dutch</lang>
                    <orth>*kruok</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Middle Dutch</lang>
                      <orth>croec</orth>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*krōk</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old English</lang>
                    <orth>*crōc</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Middle English</lang>
                      <orth>crok, croke</orth>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>English</lang>
                        <orth>crook</orth>
                      </form>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Irish</lang>
                        <orth>crúca</orth>
                      </form>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Scots</lang>
                        <orth>cruke, creuk, crewk, cruik</orth>
                      </form>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*krōk</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Vulgar Latin</lang>
                    <orth>*crōcus, *crōca</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Medieval Latin</lang>
                      <orth>croccus</orth>
                    </form>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Piedmontese</lang>
                      <orth>cròc</orth>
                    </form>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Sicilian</lang>
                      <orth>croccu</orth>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*krōk</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Vulgar Latin</lang>
                    <orth>*crōcus, *crōca</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Old French</lang>
                      <orth>croce, croc, croche</orth>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Norman</lang>
                        <orth>cro</orth>
                      </form>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Walloon</lang>
                        <orth>crotche</orth>
                      </form>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*krōk</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Vulgar Latin</lang>
                    <orth>*crōcus, *crōca</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Old French</lang>
                      <orth>croce, croc, croche</orth>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Middle English</lang>
                        <orth>croche</orth>
                        <form type="descendant">
                          <lang>English</lang>
                          <orth>croche</orth>
                        </form>
                      </form>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*krōk</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Vulgar Latin</lang>
                    <orth>*crōcus, *crōca</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Old French</lang>
                      <orth>croce, croc, croche</orth>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Middle French</lang>
                        <orth>croche</orth>
                        <form type="descendant">
                          <lang>French</lang>
                          <orth>croche</orth>
                          <form type="descendant">
                            <lang>Catalan</lang>
                            <orth>corxa</orth>
                          </form>
                          <form type="descendant">
                            <lang>Occitan</lang>
                            <orth>cròcha</orth>
                          </form>
                        </form>
                      </form>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*krōk</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Vulgar Latin</lang>
                    <orth>*crōcus, *crōca</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Old French</lang>
                      <orth>croce, croc, croche</orth>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Old French</lang>
                        <orth>acrocher, accrocher, encrocher</orth>
                        <form type="descendant">
                          <lang>Middle English</lang>
                          <orth>acrochen</orth>
                        </form>
                        <form type="descendant">
                          <lang>Walloon</lang>
                          <orth>acrotchî, acrotchi, acrotcher, acrotchè</orth>
                        </form>
                      </form>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*krōk</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Vulgar Latin</lang>
                    <orth>*crōcus, *crōca</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Old French</lang>
                      <orth>croce, croc, croche</orth>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Old French</lang>
                        <orth>acrocher, accrocher, encrocher</orth>
                        <form type="descendant">
                          <lang>Middle French</lang>
                          <orth>accrocher, acrocher, acrochier, accrochier</orth>
                          <form type="descendant">
                            <lang>Middle French</lang>
                            <orth>accrocher</orth>
                          </form>
                        </form>
                      </form>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*krōk</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Vulgar Latin</lang>
                    <orth>*crōcus, *crōca</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Old French</lang>
                      <orth>croce, croc, croche</orth>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Old French</lang>
                        <orth>crochet, crochette, croket</orth>
                        <form type="descendant">
                          <lang>Walloon</lang>
                          <orth>crotchèt</orth>
                        </form>
                      </form>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*krōk</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Vulgar Latin</lang>
                    <orth>*crōcus, *crōca</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Old French</lang>
                      <orth>croce, croc, croche</orth>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Old French</lang>
                        <orth>crochet, crochette, croket</orth>
                        <form type="descendant">
                          <lang>Middle French</lang>
                          <orth>crochet</orth>
                          <form type="descendant">
                            <lang>French</lang>
                            <orth>crochet, crochée</orth>
                            <form type="descendant">
                              <lang>Catalan</lang>
                              <orth>corxera, corxea</orth>
                            </form>
                            <form type="descendant">
                              <lang>English</lang>
                              <orth>crochet</orth>
                            </form>
                            <form type="descendant">
                              <lang>Portuguese</lang>
                              <orth>crochet, crochê, croché, colcheia</orth>
                            </form>
                            <form type="descendant">
                              <lang>Spanish</lang>
                              <orth>croché, corchea</orth>
                            </form>
                          </form>
                        </form>
                      </form>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Old Norse</lang>
                  <orth>krókr</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Faroese</lang>
                    <orth>krókur</orth>
                  </form>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Icelandic</lang>
                    <orth>krókur</orth>
                  </form>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Norman</lang>
                    <orth>cro</orth>
                  </form>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Norwegian Bokmål</lang>
                    <orth>krok</orth>
                  </form>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Norwegian Nynorsk</lang>
                    <orth>krok</orth>
                  </form>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Russian</lang>
                    <orth>крюк (krjuk)</orth>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Old Norse</lang>
                  <orth>krókr</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>French</lang>
                    <orth>croc, crochet</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>English</lang>
                      <orth>crochet, crotchet</orth>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Old Norse</lang>
                  <orth>krókr</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old Danish</lang>
                    <orth>krok</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Danish</lang>
                      <orth>krog</orth>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Old Norse</lang>
                  <orth>krókr</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old Swedish</lang>
                    <orth>krōker</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Swedish</lang>
                      <orth>krok</orth>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
            </list>
          </re>
        </entry>
      </div>
    </body>
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