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    <fileDesc>
      <titleStmt>
        <title type="main">Wurdahuzdą: Proto-Germanic dictionary — *krūmô</title>
        <author>Scott K. Shay</author>
      </titleStmt>
      <publicationStmt>
        <publisher>Wardja Press</publisher>
        <date when="2026-10-01"/>
        <idno type="URL">https://protogermanic.org/pgmc_krūmô</idno>
      </publicationStmt>
      <sourceDesc>
        <p>Single-entry extract from the dictionary. Cross-references to other entries point to their identifiers in the full dictionary.</p>
      </sourceDesc>
    </fileDesc>
  </teiHeader>
  <text>
    <body>
      <list type="cognates">
        <item xml:id="cog_ine-x-proto_grumo" xml:lang="ine-x-proto" type="etymon">
          <orth>*grūmo-</orth>
          <def>something scraped together, lumber, junk; to claw, scratch</def>
        </item>
      </list>
      <div type="dictionary">
        <entry xml:id="pgmc_krumo" type="noun" corresp="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/krūmô">
          <form type="lemma">
            <orth>krūmô</orth>
            <pron notation="ipa">ˈkruː.mɔːː</pron>
            <form type="runic">
              <orth>ᚲᚱᚢᛗᛟ</orth>
            </form>
          </form>
          <gramGrp>
            <pos>noun</pos>
            <gram type="gender">masculine</gram>
            <gram type="stem">an-stem</gram>
          </gramGrp>
          <sense n="1">
            <def>fragment; crumb</def>
          </sense>
          <etym>
            <seg type="p">From Proto-Indo-European <mentioned xml:lang="ine-x-proto" target="#cog_ine-x-proto_grumo"><ref target="#cog_ine-x-proto_grumo">*grūmo-</ref></mentioned> (‘something scraped together, lumber, junk; to claw, scratch’), from *ger- (‘to turn, bend, twist, wind’).</seg>
          </etym>
          <re type="paradigm">
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #nom">
              <orth>krūmô</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #nom">
              <orth>krūmaniz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #acc">
              <orth>krūmanų</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #acc">
              <orth>krūmanunz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #gen">
              <orth>krūminiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #gen">
              <orth>krūmanǫ̂</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #dat">
              <orth>krūmini</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #dat">
              <orth>krūmammaz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #instr">
              <orth>krūminē</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #instr">
              <orth>krūmammiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #voc">
              <orth>krūmô</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #voc">
              <orth>krūmaniz</orth>
            </form>
          </re>
          <re type="descendants">
            <list>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Old English</lang>
                  <orth>*crūma , cruma</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Middle English</lang>
                    <orth>crūme, crowme, crume, crome, crumme, cromme</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>English</lang>
                      <orth>crum, crumb</orth>
                    </form>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Scots</lang>
                      <orth>crum, crumm, cromm</orth>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Old Frisian</lang>
                  <orth>*krūma, *kruma</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Saterland Frisian</lang>
                    <orth>Kroume</orth>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Old Saxon</lang>
                  <orth>*krūmo, *krumo</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Middle Low German</lang>
                    <orth>*krūme, krome</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Low German</lang>
                      <orth>Kraume, Krume, Krome, Kröme, Krom, Kröm</orth>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Old Dutch</lang>
                  <orth>*krūmo, *krumo</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Middle Dutch</lang>
                    <orth>crume, cruum, kruyme, crome</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Dutch</lang>
                      <orth>kruim</orth>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Old High German</lang>
                  <orth>*krūmo, *krumo</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Middle High German</lang>
                    <orth>*krūme, krume</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>German</lang>
                      <orth>Krume</orth>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Old Norse</lang>
                  <orth>krúmr</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Danish</lang>
                    <orth>krumme</orth>
                  </form>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Icelandic</lang>
                    <orth>krumur</orth>
                  </form>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Norwegian</lang>
                    <orth>krumme</orth>
                  </form>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Swedish</lang>
                    <orth>kråm, krumma</orth>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
            </list>
          </re>
        </entry>
      </div>
    </body>
  </text>
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