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    <fileDesc>
      <titleStmt>
        <title type="main">Wurdahuzdą: Proto-Germanic dictionary — *kumbaz</title>
        <author>Scott K. Shay</author>
      </titleStmt>
      <publicationStmt>
        <publisher>Wardja Press</publisher>
        <date when="2026-10-01"/>
        <idno type="URL">https://protogermanic.org/pgmc_kumbaz</idno>
      </publicationStmt>
      <sourceDesc>
        <p>Single-entry extract from the dictionary. Cross-references to other entries point to their identifiers in the full dictionary.</p>
      </sourceDesc>
    </fileDesc>
  </teiHeader>
  <text>
    <body>
      <list type="cognates">
        <item xml:id="cog_grc_kumbe" xml:lang="grc" type="cognate">
          <orth>κύμβη</orth>
          <form type="translit">
            <orth>kúmbē</orth>
          </form>
        </item>
      </list>
      <div type="dictionary">
        <entry xml:id="pgmc_kumbaz" type="noun" corresp="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/kumbaz">
          <form type="lemma">
            <orth>kumbaz</orth>
            <pron notation="ipa">ˈkum.bɑz</pron>
            <form type="runic">
              <orth>ᚲᚢᛗᛒᚨᛉ</orth>
            </form>
          </form>
          <gramGrp>
            <pos>noun</pos>
            <gram type="gender">masculine</gram>
            <gram type="stem">a-stem</gram>
          </gramGrp>
          <sense n="1">
            <def>bowl, vessel</def>
          </sense>
          <sense n="2">
            <def>vat, tub</def>
          </sense>
          <etym>
            <seg type="p">An ancient Wanderwort found throughout Eurasia. Likely related to Proto-Celtic *kumbā, Proto-Indo-Iranian *kʰumbʰas, Proto-Albanian *tˢumba, Ancient Greek <mentioned xml:lang="grc" target="#cog_grc_kumbe"><ref target="#cog_grc_kumbe">κύμβη</ref></mentioned> (kúmbē).</seg>
          </etym>
          <re type="paradigm">
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #nom">
              <orth>kumbaz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #nom">
              <orth>kumbōz, kumbōs</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #acc">
              <orth>kumbą</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #acc">
              <orth>kumbanz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #gen">
              <orth>kumbas, kumbis</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #gen">
              <orth>kumbǫ̂</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #dat">
              <orth>kumbai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #dat">
              <orth>kumbamaz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #instr">
              <orth>kumbō</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #instr">
              <orth>kumbamiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #voc">
              <orth>kumb</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #voc">
              <orth>kumbōz, kumbōs</orth>
            </form>
          </re>
          <re type="descendants">
            <list>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Old English</lang>
                  <orth>cumb</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Middle English</lang>
                    <orth>*cumb, *comb</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>English</lang>
                      <orth>comb, coomb</orth>
                    </form>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Scots</lang>
                      <orth>cumb, cum, coom, kim</orth>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Old English</lang>
                  <orth>comb</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Middle English</lang>
                    <orth>*cumb, *comb</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>English</lang>
                      <orth>comb, coomb</orth>
                    </form>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Scots</lang>
                      <orth>cumb, cum, coom, kim</orth>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Old Saxon</lang>
                  <orth>*kumb</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Middle Low German</lang>
                    <orth>kump, kumme</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Low German</lang>
                      <orth>Kump, Kumpen</orth>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>German</lang>
                        <orth>Kump, Kumpen</orth>
                      </form>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Hunsrik</lang>
                        <orth>Kump</orth>
                      </form>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Old Saxon</lang>
                  <orth>*kumba</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Middle Low German</lang>
                    <orth>kump, kumme</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Low German</lang>
                      <orth>Kump, Kumpen</orth>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>German</lang>
                        <orth>Kump, Kumpen</orth>
                      </form>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Hunsrik</lang>
                        <orth>Kump</orth>
                      </form>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Frankish</lang>
                  <orth>*kumb</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Medieval Latin</lang>
                    <orth>cumbus, cumpus, cimpus</orth>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Frankish</lang>
                  <orth>*kumb</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old Dutch</lang>
                    <orth>*kumb, *kumba</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Middle Dutch</lang>
                      <orth>combe, comme, com</orth>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Dutch</lang>
                        <orth>kom, komp</orth>
                      </form>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Frankish</lang>
                  <orth>*kump</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Medieval Latin</lang>
                    <orth>cumbus, cumpus, cimpus</orth>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Frankish</lang>
                  <orth>*kump</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old Dutch</lang>
                    <orth>*kumb, *kumba</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Middle Dutch</lang>
                      <orth>combe, comme, com</orth>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Dutch</lang>
                        <orth>kom, komp</orth>
                      </form>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Old High German</lang>
                  <orth>*kumph</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Middle High German</lang>
                    <orth>kumpf, kompf</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>German</lang>
                      <orth>Kumpf, Kumme</orth>
                    </form>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Hunsrik</lang>
                      <orth>Kump</orth>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Old High German</lang>
                  <orth>*komph</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Middle High German</lang>
                    <orth>kumpf, kompf</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>German</lang>
                      <orth>Kumpf, Kumme</orth>
                    </form>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Hunsrik</lang>
                      <orth>Kump</orth>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Old High German</lang>
                  <orth>chumph</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Middle High German</lang>
                    <orth>kumpf, kompf</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>German</lang>
                      <orth>Kumpf, Kumme</orth>
                    </form>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Hunsrik</lang>
                      <orth>Kump</orth>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
            </list>
          </re>
        </entry>
      </div>
    </body>
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