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    <fileDesc>
      <titleStmt>
        <title type="main">Wurdahuzdą: Proto-Germanic dictionary — *kweraną</title>
        <author>Scott K. Shay</author>
      </titleStmt>
      <publicationStmt>
        <publisher>Wardja Press</publisher>
        <date when="2026-10-01"/>
        <idno type="URL">https://protogermanic.org/pgmc_kweraną</idno>
      </publicationStmt>
      <sourceDesc>
        <p>Single-entry extract from the dictionary. Cross-references to other entries point to their identifiers in the full dictionary.</p>
      </sourceDesc>
    </fileDesc>
  </teiHeader>
  <text>
    <body>
      <list type="cognates">
        <item xml:id="cog_lit_gurti" xml:lang="lit" type="cognate">
          <orth>gùrti</orth>
          <def>to sound soundly</def>
        </item>
      </list>
      <div type="dictionary">
        <entry xml:id="pgmc_kwerana" type="verb" corresp="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/kweraną">
          <form type="lemma">
            <orth>kweraną</orth>
            <pron notation="ipa">ˈkwe.rɑː.nɑ̃</pron>
            <form type="runic">
              <orth>ᚲᚹᛖᚱᚨᚾᚨ</orth>
            </form>
          </form>
          <gramGrp>
            <pos>verb</pos>
            <gram type="class">Strong class 4</gram>
          </gramGrp>
          <sense n="1">
            <def>to sigh</def>
          </sense>
          <etym>
            <seg type="p">From Proto-Indo-European *gʷerH-, cognate with Lithuanian <mentioned xml:lang="lit" target="#cog_lit_gurti"><ref target="#cog_lit_gurti">gùrti</ref></mentioned> (‘to scream’).</seg>
          </etym>
          <re type="paradigm">
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #act #p1 #sg">
              <orth>kwerō</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #act #p1 #sg">
              <orth>kweraų</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #pass #p1 #sg">
              <orth>kwerai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #act #p2 #sg">
              <orth>kwirizi</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #act #p2 #sg">
              <orth>kweraiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #imper #act #p2 #sg">
              <orth>kwer</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #pass #p2 #sg">
              <orth>kwerazai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #pass #p2 #sg">
              <orth>kweraizau</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #act #p3 #sg">
              <orth>kwiridi</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #act #p3 #sg">
              <orth>kwerai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #imper #act #p3 #sg">
              <orth>kweradau</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #pass #p3 #sg">
              <orth>kweradai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #pass #p3 #sg">
              <orth>kweraidau</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #act #p1 #du">
              <orth>kwerōz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #act #p1 #du">
              <orth>kweraiw</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #act #p2 #du">
              <orth>kweradiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #act #p2 #du">
              <orth>kweraidiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #imper #act #p2 #du">
              <orth>kweradiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #act #p1 #pl">
              <orth>kweramaz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #act #p1 #pl">
              <orth>kweraim</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #pass #p1 #pl">
              <orth>kwerandai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #pass #p1 #pl">
              <orth>kweraindau</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #act #p2 #pl">
              <orth>kwirid</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #act #p2 #pl">
              <orth>kweraid</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #imper #act #p2 #pl">
              <orth>kwirid</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #pass #p2 #pl">
              <orth>kwerandai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #pass #p2 #pl">
              <orth>kweraindau</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #act #p3 #pl">
              <orth>kwerandi</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #act #p3 #pl">
              <orth>kwerain</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #imper #act #p3 #pl">
              <orth>kwerandau</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #pass #p3 #pl">
              <orth>kwerandai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #pass #p3 #pl">
              <orth>kweraindau</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #ind #p1 #sg">
              <orth>kwar</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #subj #p1 #sg">
              <orth>kwērį̄</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #ind #p2 #sg">
              <orth>kwart</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #subj #p2 #sg">
              <orth>kwērīz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #ind #p3 #sg">
              <orth>kwar</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #subj #p3 #sg">
              <orth>kwērī</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #ind #p1 #du">
              <orth>kwērū</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #subj #p1 #du">
              <orth>kwērīw</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #ind #p2 #du">
              <orth>kwērudiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #subj #p2 #du">
              <orth>kwērīdiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #ind #p1 #pl">
              <orth>kwērum</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #subj #p1 #pl">
              <orth>kwērīm</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #ind #p2 #pl">
              <orth>kwērud</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #subj #p2 #pl">
              <orth>kwērīd</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #ind #p3 #pl">
              <orth>kwērun</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #subj #p3 #pl">
              <orth>kwērīn</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="participle" subtype="present">
              <orth>kwerandz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="participle" subtype="past">
              <orth>kuranaz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="infinitive">
              <orth>kweraną</orth>
            </form>
          </re>
          <re type="descendants">
            <list>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*kweran</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old English</lang>
                    <orth>*cweart</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Old English</lang>
                      <orth>cweartern, *cweartærn</orth>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Middle English</lang>
                        <orth>quartern</orth>
                      </form>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*kweran</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old High German</lang>
                    <orth>kweran, queran</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Old High German</lang>
                      <orth>irkweran, irqueran</orth>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*kweran</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old Saxon</lang>
                    <orth>*kweran</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Middle Low German</lang>
                      <orth>quēren, querren, quarren</orth>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>German Low German</lang>
                        <orth>quarren</orth>
                        <form type="descendant">
                          <lang>German</lang>
                          <orth>quarren</orth>
                        </form>
                      </form>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
            </list>
          </re>
        </entry>
      </div>
    </body>
  </text>
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