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  <teiHeader>
    <fileDesc>
      <titleStmt>
        <title type="main">Wurdahuzdą: Proto-Germanic dictionary — *kwildiz</title>
        <author>Scott K. Shay</author>
      </titleStmt>
      <publicationStmt>
        <publisher>Wardja Press</publisher>
        <date when="2026-10-01"/>
        <idno type="URL">https://protogermanic.org/pgmc_kwildiz</idno>
      </publicationStmt>
      <sourceDesc>
        <p>Single-entry extract from the dictionary. Cross-references to other entries point to their identifiers in the full dictionary.</p>
      </sourceDesc>
    </fileDesc>
  </teiHeader>
  <text>
    <body>
      <list type="cognates">
        <item xml:id="cog_lav_dzelts" xml:lang="lav" type="cognate">
          <orth>dzelts</orth>
          <def>stung</def>
        </item>
      </list>
      <div type="dictionary">
        <entry xml:id="pgmc_kwildiz" type="noun" corresp="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/kwildiz">
          <form type="lemma">
            <orth>kwildiz</orth>
            <pron notation="ipa">ˈkʷil.diz</pron>
            <form type="runic">
              <orth>ᚲᚹᛁᛚᛞᛁᛉ</orth>
            </form>
          </form>
          <gramGrp>
            <pos>noun</pos>
            <gram type="gender">masculine</gram>
            <gram type="stem">i-stem</gram>
          </gramGrp>
          <sense n="1">
            <def>dying; death; downfall; end</def>
          </sense>
          <sense n="2">
            <def>the end or dying of the day; evening</def>
          </sense>
          <etym>
            <seg type="p">A participial formation from *kwelaną (‘to suffer’); compare in particular Latvian <mentioned xml:lang="lav" target="#cog_lav_dzelts"><ref target="#cog_lav_dzelts">dzelts</ref></mentioned> (‘stung’).</seg>
          </etym>
          <re type="paradigm">
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #nom">
              <orth>kwildiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #nom">
              <orth>kwildīz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #acc">
              <orth>kwildį</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #acc">
              <orth>kwildinz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #gen">
              <orth>kwildīz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #gen">
              <orth>kwildijǫ̂</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #dat">
              <orth>kwildī</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #dat">
              <orth>kwildimaz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #instr">
              <orth>kwildī</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #instr">
              <orth>kwildimiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #voc">
              <orth>kwildi</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #voc">
              <orth>kwildīz</orth>
            </form>
          </re>
          <re type="descendants">
            <list>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*kwildi</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old English</lang>
                    <orth>cwild</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Old English</lang>
                      <orth>cwildtīd</orth>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*kwildi</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old High German</lang>
                    <orth>kwiltiwerk, quiltiwerc</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Middle High German</lang>
                      <orth>*quilt, *kilt</orth>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>German</lang>
                        <orth>Kilt</orth>
                        <form type="descendant">
                          <lang>German</lang>
                          <orth>Kiltgang</orth>
                        </form>
                      </form>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Old Norse</lang>
                  <orth>kveld</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Faroese</lang>
                    <orth>kvøld</orth>
                  </form>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Icelandic</lang>
                    <orth>kveld, kvöld</orth>
                  </form>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Norwegian</lang>
                    <orth>kveld</orth>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Old Norse</lang>
                  <orth>kveld</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old Danish</lang>
                    <orth>kwæld</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Danish</lang>
                      <orth>kvæld</orth>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Old Norse</lang>
                  <orth>kveld</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old Swedish</lang>
                    <orth>qvæld, qvälder</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Swedish</lang>
                      <orth>kväll, kväller</orth>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Old Norse</lang>
                  <orth>*kweldą</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Faroese</lang>
                    <orth>kvøld</orth>
                  </form>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Icelandic</lang>
                    <orth>kveld, kvöld</orth>
                  </form>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Norwegian</lang>
                    <orth>kveld</orth>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Old Norse</lang>
                  <orth>*kweldą</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old Danish</lang>
                    <orth>kwæld</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Danish</lang>
                      <orth>kvæld</orth>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Old Norse</lang>
                  <orth>*kweldą</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old Swedish</lang>
                    <orth>qvæld, qvälder</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Swedish</lang>
                      <orth>kväll, kväller</orth>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
            </list>
          </re>
        </entry>
      </div>
    </body>
  </text>
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