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    <fileDesc>
      <titleStmt>
        <title type="main">Wurdahuzdą: Proto-Germanic dictionary — *kwinkaną</title>
        <author>Scott K. Shay</author>
      </titleStmt>
      <publicationStmt>
        <publisher>Wardja Press</publisher>
        <date when="2026-10-01"/>
        <idno type="URL">https://protogermanic.org/pgmc_kwinkaną</idno>
      </publicationStmt>
      <sourceDesc>
        <p>Single-entry extract from the dictionary. Cross-references to other entries point to their identifiers in the full dictionary.</p>
      </sourceDesc>
    </fileDesc>
  </teiHeader>
  <text>
    <body>
      <list type="cognates">
        <item xml:id="cog_grc_sbennumi" xml:lang="grc" type="cognate">
          <orth>σβέννῡμι</orth>
          <form type="translit">
            <orth>sbénnūmi</orth>
          </form>
          <def>I extinguish, quench</def>
        </item>
        <item xml:id="cog_lit_gesti" xml:lang="lit" type="cognate">
          <orth>gèsti</orth>
          <def>to extinguish</def>
        </item>
        <item xml:id="cog_san_jasayati" xml:lang="san" type="cognate">
          <orth>जासयति</orth>
          <form type="translit">
            <orth>jāsáyati</orth>
          </form>
          <def>to exhaust, weaken</def>
        </item>
        <item xml:id="cog_sla-x-proto_gasiti" xml:lang="sla-x-proto" type="cognate">
          <orth>*gasìti</orth>
          <def>to extinguish</def>
        </item>
        <item xml:id="cog_ine-x-proto_s_gwes" xml:lang="ine-x-proto" type="etymon">
          <orth>*(s)gʷes-</orth>
        </item>
      </list>
      <div type="dictionary">
        <entry xml:id="pgmc_kwinkana" type="verb" corresp="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/kwinkaną">
          <form type="lemma">
            <orth>kwinkaną</orth>
            <pron notation="ipa">ˈkʷiŋ.kɑ.nɑ̃</pron>
            <form type="runic">
              <orth>ᚲᚹᛁᚾᚲᚨᚾᚨ</orth>
            </form>
          </form>
          <gramGrp>
            <pos>verb</pos>
            <gram type="class">Strong class 3</gram>
          </gramGrp>
          <sense n="1">
            <def>to go out</def>
          </sense>
          <sense n="2">
            <def>to vanish, disappear</def>
          </sense>
          <etym>
            <seg type="p">Uncertain. According to Vladimir Orel, possibly a derived term formed from Proto-Indo-European <mentioned xml:lang="ine-x-proto" target="#cog_ine-x-proto_s_gwes"><ref target="#cog_ine-x-proto_s_gwes">*(s)gʷes-</ref></mentioned>, the root of Ancient Greek <mentioned xml:lang="grc" target="#cog_grc_sbennumi"><ref target="#cog_grc_sbennumi">σβέννῡμι</ref></mentioned> (sbénnūmi, ‘I extinguish, quench’), Proto-Slavic <mentioned xml:lang="sla-x-proto" target="#cog_sla-x-proto_gasiti"><ref target="#cog_sla-x-proto_gasiti">*gasìti</ref></mentioned> (‘to extinguish’), Lithuanian <mentioned xml:lang="lit" target="#cog_lit_gesti"><ref target="#cog_lit_gesti">gèsti</ref></mentioned> (‘to extinguish’), Sanskrit <mentioned xml:lang="san" target="#cog_san_jasayati"><ref target="#cog_san_jasayati">जासयति</ref></mentioned> (jāsáyati, ‘to exhaust, weaken’).</seg>
          </etym>
          <re type="paradigm">
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #act #p1 #sg">
              <orth>kwinkō</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #act #p1 #sg">
              <orth>kwinkaų</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #pass #p1 #sg">
              <orth>kwinkai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #act #p2 #sg">
              <orth>kwinkizi</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #act #p2 #sg">
              <orth>kwinkaiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #imper #act #p2 #sg">
              <orth>kwink</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #pass #p2 #sg">
              <orth>kwinkazai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #pass #p2 #sg">
              <orth>kwinkaizau</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #act #p3 #sg">
              <orth>kwinkidi</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #act #p3 #sg">
              <orth>kwinkai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #imper #act #p3 #sg">
              <orth>kwinkadau</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #pass #p3 #sg">
              <orth>kwinkadai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #pass #p3 #sg">
              <orth>kwinkaidau</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #act #p1 #du">
              <orth>kwinkōz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #act #p1 #du">
              <orth>kwinkaiw</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #act #p2 #du">
              <orth>kwinkadiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #act #p2 #du">
              <orth>kwinkaidiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #imper #act #p2 #du">
              <orth>kwinkadiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #act #p1 #pl">
              <orth>kwinkamaz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #act #p1 #pl">
              <orth>kwinkaim</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #pass #p1 #pl">
              <orth>kwinkandai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #pass #p1 #pl">
              <orth>kwinkaindau</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #act #p2 #pl">
              <orth>kwinkid</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #act #p2 #pl">
              <orth>kwinkaid</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #imper #act #p2 #pl">
              <orth>kwinkid</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #pass #p2 #pl">
              <orth>kwinkandai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #pass #p2 #pl">
              <orth>kwinkaindau</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #act #p3 #pl">
              <orth>kwinkandi</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #act #p3 #pl">
              <orth>kwinkain</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #imper #act #p3 #pl">
              <orth>kwinkandau</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #pass #p3 #pl">
              <orth>kwinkandai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #pass #p3 #pl">
              <orth>kwinkaindau</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #ind #p1 #sg">
              <orth>kwank</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #subj #p1 #sg">
              <orth>kunkį̄</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #ind #p2 #sg">
              <orth>kwanht</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #subj #p2 #sg">
              <orth>kunkīz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #ind #p3 #sg">
              <orth>kwank</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #subj #p3 #sg">
              <orth>kunkī</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #ind #p1 #du">
              <orth>kunkū</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #subj #p1 #du">
              <orth>kunkīw</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #ind #p2 #du">
              <orth>kunkudiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #subj #p2 #du">
              <orth>kunkīdiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #ind #p1 #pl">
              <orth>kunkum</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #subj #p1 #pl">
              <orth>kunkīm</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #ind #p2 #pl">
              <orth>kunkud</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #subj #p2 #pl">
              <orth>kunkīd</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #ind #p3 #pl">
              <orth>kunkun</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #subj #p3 #pl">
              <orth>kunkīn</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="participle" subtype="present">
              <orth>kwinkandz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="participle" subtype="past">
              <orth>kunkanaz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="infinitive">
              <orth>kwinkaną</orth>
            </form>
          </re>
          <re type="descendants">
            <list>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*kwinkan</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old English</lang>
                    <orth>cwincan</orth>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*kwinkan</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old Dutch</lang>
                    <orth>*kwinkan</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Middle Dutch</lang>
                      <orth>kwinken, kwincken</orth>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>English</lang>
                        <orth>quinch</orth>
                      </form>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>German Low German</lang>
                        <orth>quinken</orth>
                      </form>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Saterland Frisian</lang>
                        <orth>kwinkje</orth>
                      </form>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*kwinkan</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old Dutch</lang>
                    <orth>*kwinkan</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Middle Dutch</lang>
                      <orth>kwinken, kwincken</orth>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Dutch</lang>
                        <orth>kwinken</orth>
                        <form type="descendant">
                          <lang>Dutch</lang>
                          <orth>kwinkelen</orth>
                        </form>
                      </form>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*kwinkan</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old Frisian</lang>
                    <orth>quinka</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Old Frisian</lang>
                      <orth>ūtquinka</orth>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
            </list>
          </re>
        </entry>
      </div>
    </body>
  </text>
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