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    <fileDesc>
      <titleStmt>
        <title type="main">Wurdahuzdą: Proto-Germanic dictionary — *kwistiz</title>
        <author>Scott K. Shay</author>
      </titleStmt>
      <publicationStmt>
        <publisher>Wardja Press</publisher>
        <date when="2026-10-01"/>
        <idno type="URL">https://protogermanic.org/pgmc_kwistiz</idno>
      </publicationStmt>
      <sourceDesc>
        <p>Single-entry extract from the dictionary. Cross-references to other entries point to their identifiers in the full dictionary.</p>
      </sourceDesc>
    </fileDesc>
  </teiHeader>
  <text>
    <body>
      <list type="cognates">
        <item xml:id="cog_chu_ugasiti" xml:lang="chu" type="cognate">
          <orth>оугасити</orth>
          <form type="translit">
            <orth>ugasiti</orth>
          </form>
          <def>to extinguish</def>
        </item>
        <item xml:id="cog_lit_gestu" xml:lang="lit" type="cognate">
          <orth>gęstù</orth>
          <def>to extinguish, to go out</def>
        </item>
        <item xml:id="cog_san_jasayati" xml:lang="san" type="cognate">
          <orth>जासयति</orth>
          <form type="translit">
            <orth>jāsáyati</orth>
          </form>
          <def>to exhaust, weaken</def>
        </item>
        <item xml:id="cog_ine-x-proto_s_gwes" xml:lang="ine-x-proto" type="etymon">
          <orth>*(s)gʷes-</orth>
        </item>
      </list>
      <div type="dictionary">
        <entry xml:id="pgmc_kwistiz" type="noun" corresp="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/kwistiz">
          <form type="lemma">
            <orth>kwistiz</orth>
            <pron notation="ipa">ˈkʷis.tiz</pron>
            <form type="runic">
              <orth>ᚲᚹᛁᛊᛏᛁᛉ</orth>
            </form>
          </form>
          <gramGrp>
            <pos>noun</pos>
            <gram type="gender">feminine</gram>
            <gram type="stem">i-stem</gram>
          </gramGrp>
          <sense n="1">
            <def>damage, destruction</def>
          </sense>
          <etym>
            <seg type="p">From Proto-Indo-European <mentioned xml:lang="ine-x-proto" target="#cog_ine-x-proto_s_gwes"><ref target="#cog_ine-x-proto_s_gwes">*(s)gʷes-</ref></mentioned> (‘extinguish, quell’). Cognate with Sanskrit <mentioned xml:lang="san" target="#cog_san_jasayati"><ref target="#cog_san_jasayati">जासयति</ref></mentioned> (jāsayati, ‘to exhaust’), Lithuanian <mentioned xml:lang="lit" target="#cog_lit_gestu"><ref target="#cog_lit_gestu">gęstù</ref></mentioned> (‘to extinguish, to go out’), Irish bás (‘death’) and Old Church Slavonic <mentioned xml:lang="chu" target="#cog_chu_ugasiti"><ref target="#cog_chu_ugasiti">оугасити</ref></mentioned> (ugasiti, ‘to extinguish’).</seg>
          </etym>
          <re type="paradigm">
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #nom">
              <orth>kwistiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #nom">
              <orth>kwistīz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #acc">
              <orth>kwistį</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #acc">
              <orth>kwistinz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #gen">
              <orth>kwistīz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #gen">
              <orth>kwistijǫ̂</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #dat">
              <orth>kwistī</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #dat">
              <orth>kwistimaz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #instr">
              <orth>kwistī</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #instr">
              <orth>kwistimiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #voc">
              <orth>kwisti</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #voc">
              <orth>kwistīz</orth>
            </form>
          </re>
          <re type="descendants">
            <list>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*kwisti</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old High German</lang>
                    <orth>kwist, quist</orth>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*kwisti</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old Dutch</lang>
                    <orth>*quist</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Middle Dutch</lang>
                      <orth>quist</orth>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*kwisti</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old Saxon</lang>
                    <orth>*quist</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Middle Low German</lang>
                      <orth>quist</orth>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Gothic</lang>
                  <orth>*𐌵𐌹𐍃𐍄𐍃 (*qists)</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Gothic</lang>
                    <orth>𐍆𐍂𐌰𐌵𐌹𐍃𐍄𐌽𐌰𐌽 (fraqistnan)</orth>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
            </list>
          </re>
        </entry>
      </div>
    </body>
  </text>
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