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  <teiHeader>
    <fileDesc>
      <titleStmt>
        <title type="main">Wurdahuzdą: Proto-Germanic dictionary — *kwēbijaną</title>
        <author>Scott K. Shay</author>
      </titleStmt>
      <publicationStmt>
        <publisher>Wardja Press</publisher>
        <date when="2026-10-02"/>
        <idno type="URL">https://protogermanic.org/pgmc_kwēbijaną</idno>
      </publicationStmt>
      <sourceDesc>
        <p>Single-entry extract from the dictionary. Cross-references to other entries point to their identifiers in the full dictionary.</p>
      </sourceDesc>
    </fileDesc>
  </teiHeader>
  <text>
    <body>
      <list type="cognates">
        <item xml:id="cog_grc_bapto" xml:lang="grc" type="cognate">
          <orth>βάπτω</orth>
          <form type="translit">
            <orth>báptō</orth>
          </form>
          <def>to dip, submerge</def>
        </item>
        <item xml:id="cog_ine-x-proto_gweh2bh" xml:lang="ine-x-proto" type="etymon">
          <orth>*gʷeh₂bʰ-</orth>
          <def>to dive, dive in</def>
        </item>
        <item xml:id="cog_san_gabhira" xml:lang="san" type="cognate">
          <orth>गभीर</orth>
          <form type="translit">
            <orth>gabhīra</orth>
          </form>
        </item>
      </list>
      <div type="dictionary">
        <entry xml:id="pgmc_kwebijana" type="verb" corresp="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/kwēbijaną">
          <form type="lemma">
            <orth>kwēbijaną</orth>
            <pron notation="ipa">ˈkwɛː.βi.jɑ.nɑ̃</pron>
            <form type="runic">
              <orth>ᚲᚹᛖᛒᛁᛃᚨᚾᚨ</orth>
            </form>
          </form>
          <gramGrp>
            <pos>verb</pos>
            <gram type="class">Weak class 1</gram>
          </gramGrp>
          <sense n="1">
            <def>to suffocate, to choke</def>
          </sense>
          <etym>
            <seg type="p">From Proto-Indo-European <mentioned xml:lang="ine-x-proto" target="#cog_ine-x-proto_gweh2bh"><ref target="#cog_ine-x-proto_gweh2bh">*gʷeh₂bʰ-</ref></mentioned> (‘to dive, dive in’). Cognate with Ancient Greek <mentioned xml:lang="grc" target="#cog_grc_bapto"><ref target="#cog_grc_bapto">βάπτω</ref></mentioned> (báptō, ‘to dip, submerge’), Persian ژرف (žarf), and Sanskrit <mentioned xml:lang="san" target="#cog_san_gabhira"><ref target="#cog_san_gabhira">गभीर</ref></mentioned> (gabhīra), whence Hindi गहरा (gahrā).</seg>
          </etym>
          <re type="paradigm">
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #act #p1 #sg">
              <orth>kwēbijō</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #act #p1 #sg">
              <orth>kwēbijaų</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #pass #p1 #sg">
              <orth>kwēbijai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #act #p2 #sg">
              <orth>kwēbīsi</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #act #p2 #sg">
              <orth>kwēbijais</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #imper #act #p2 #sg">
              <orth>kwēbī</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #pass #p2 #sg">
              <orth>kwēbijasai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #pass #p2 #sg">
              <orth>kwēbijaisau</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #act #p3 #sg">
              <orth>kwēbīþi</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #act #p3 #sg">
              <orth>kwēbijai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #imper #act #p3 #sg">
              <orth>kwēbijaþau</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #pass #p3 #sg">
              <orth>kwēbijaþai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #pass #p3 #sg">
              <orth>kwēbijaiþau</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #act #p1 #du">
              <orth>kwēbijōs</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #act #p1 #du">
              <orth>kwēbijaiw</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #act #p2 #du">
              <orth>kwēbijaþiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #act #p2 #du">
              <orth>kwēbijaiþiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #imper #act #p2 #du">
              <orth>kwēbijaþiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #act #p1 #pl">
              <orth>kwēbijamaz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #act #p1 #pl">
              <orth>kwēbijaim</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #pass #p1 #pl">
              <orth>kwēbijanþai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #pass #p1 #pl">
              <orth>kwēbijainþau</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #act #p2 #pl">
              <orth>kwēbīþ</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #act #p2 #pl">
              <orth>kwēbijaiþ</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #imper #act #p2 #pl">
              <orth>kwēbīþ</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #pass #p2 #pl">
              <orth>kwēbijanþai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #pass #p2 #pl">
              <orth>kwēbijainþau</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #act #p3 #pl">
              <orth>kwēbijanþi</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #act #p3 #pl">
              <orth>kwēbijain</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #imper #act #p3 #pl">
              <orth>kwēbijanþau</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #pass #p3 #pl">
              <orth>kwēbijanþai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #pass #p3 #pl">
              <orth>kwēbijainþau</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #ind #p1 #sg">
              <orth>kwēbidǭ</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #subj #p1 #sg">
              <orth>kwēbidēdį̄</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #ind #p2 #sg">
              <orth>kwēbidēz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #subj #p2 #sg">
              <orth>kwēbidēdīz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #ind #p3 #sg">
              <orth>kwēbidē</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #subj #p3 #sg">
              <orth>kwēbidēdī</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #ind #p1 #du">
              <orth>kwēbidēdū</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #subj #p1 #du">
              <orth>kwēbidēdīw</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #ind #p2 #du">
              <orth>kwēbidēdudiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #subj #p2 #du">
              <orth>kwēbidēdīdiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #ind #p1 #pl">
              <orth>kwēbidēdum</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #subj #p1 #pl">
              <orth>kwēbidēdīm</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #ind #p2 #pl">
              <orth>kwēbidēdud</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #subj #p2 #pl">
              <orth>kwēbidēdīd</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #ind #p3 #pl">
              <orth>kwēbidēdun</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #subj #p3 #pl">
              <orth>kwēbidēdīn</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="participle" subtype="present">
              <orth>kwēbijandz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="participle" subtype="past">
              <orth>kwēbidaz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="infinitive">
              <orth>kwēbijaną</orth>
            </form>
          </re>
          <re type="descendants">
            <list>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Old Norse</lang>
                  <orth>kvæfa</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Faroese</lang>
                    <orth>køva</orth>
                  </form>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Icelandic</lang>
                    <orth>kæfa</orth>
                  </form>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Norwegian</lang>
                    <orth>kvæva, kjøva</orth>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Old Norse</lang>
                  <orth>kǿfa</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Faroese</lang>
                    <orth>køva</orth>
                  </form>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Icelandic</lang>
                    <orth>kæfa</orth>
                  </form>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Norwegian</lang>
                    <orth>kvæva, kjøva</orth>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
            </list>
          </re>
        </entry>
      </div>
    </body>
  </text>
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