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  <teiHeader>
    <fileDesc>
      <titleStmt>
        <title type="main">Wurdahuzdą: Proto-Germanic dictionary — *kāsijaz</title>
        <author>Scott K. Shay</author>
      </titleStmt>
      <publicationStmt>
        <publisher>Wardja Press</publisher>
        <date when="2026-10-01"/>
        <idno type="URL">https://protogermanic.org/pgmc_kāsijaz</idno>
      </publicationStmt>
      <sourceDesc>
        <p>Single-entry extract from the dictionary. Cross-references to other entries point to their identifiers in the full dictionary.</p>
      </sourceDesc>
    </fileDesc>
  </teiHeader>
  <text>
    <body>
      <div type="dictionary">
        <entry xml:id="pgmc_kasijaz" type="noun" corresp="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/kāsijaz">
          <form type="lemma">
            <orth>kāsijaz</orth>
            <pron notation="ipa">ˈkɑː.si.jɑz</pron>
            <form type="runic">
              <orth>ᚲᚨᛊᛁᛃᚨᛉ</orth>
            </form>
          </form>
          <gramGrp>
            <pos>noun</pos>
            <gram type="gender">masculine</gram>
            <gram type="stem">ja-stem</gram>
          </gramGrp>
          <sense n="1">
            <def>cheese</def>
          </sense>
          <etym>
            <seg type="p">Borrowed from Latin cāseus.</seg>
          </etym>
          <re type="paradigm">
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #nom">
              <orth>kāsijaz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #nom">
              <orth>kāsijōz, kāsijōs</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #acc">
              <orth>kāsiją</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #acc">
              <orth>kāsijanz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #gen">
              <orth>kāsijas, kāsīs</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #gen">
              <orth>kāsijǫ̂</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #dat">
              <orth>kāsijai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #dat">
              <orth>kāsijamaz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #instr">
              <orth>kāsijō</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #instr">
              <orth>kāsijamiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #voc">
              <orth>kāsī</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #voc">
              <orth>kāsijōz, kāsijōs</orth>
            </form>
          </re>
          <re type="descendants">
            <list>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*kāsī</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old Dutch</lang>
                    <orth>*cāsi</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Middle Dutch</lang>
                      <orth>câse, kese</orth>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Limburgish</lang>
                        <orth>kieës, kees</orth>
                      </form>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*kāsī</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old Dutch</lang>
                    <orth>*cāsi</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Middle Dutch</lang>
                      <orth>câse, kese</orth>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Dutch</lang>
                        <orth>kaas</orth>
                        <form type="descendant">
                          <lang>Aukan</lang>
                          <orth>kasi</orth>
                        </form>
                        <form type="descendant">
                          <lang>Berbice Creole Dutch</lang>
                          <orth>kasi</orth>
                        </form>
                        <form type="descendant">
                          <lang>Jersey Dutch</lang>
                          <orth>kääs</orth>
                        </form>
                        <form type="descendant">
                          <lang>Negerhollands</lang>
                          <orth>kaas, kaes</orth>
                        </form>
                        <form type="descendant">
                          <lang>Papiamentu</lang>
                          <orth>keshi</orth>
                        </form>
                        <form type="descendant">
                          <lang>Peranakan Indonesian</lang>
                          <orth>kas</orth>
                        </form>
                      </form>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*kāsī</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old Dutch</lang>
                    <orth>*cāsi</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Middle Dutch</lang>
                      <orth>câse, kese</orth>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Dutch</lang>
                        <orth>kaas</orth>
                        <form type="descendant">
                          <lang>Afrikaans</lang>
                          <orth>kaas</orth>
                          <form type="descendant">
                            <lang>Sotho</lang>
                            <orth>kase</orth>
                          </form>
                          <form type="descendant">
                            <lang>Tswana</lang>
                            <orth>kase</orth>
                          </form>
                        </form>
                      </form>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*kāsī</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old Dutch</lang>
                    <orth>*cāsi</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Middle Dutch</lang>
                      <orth>câse, kese</orth>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Dutch</lang>
                        <orth>kaas</orth>
                        <form type="descendant">
                          <lang>Sranan Tongo</lang>
                          <orth>kasi</orth>
                          <form type="descendant">
                            <lang>Caribbean Hindustani</lang>
                            <orth>kási</orth>
                          </form>
                          <form type="descendant">
                            <lang>Saramaccan</lang>
                            <orth>kási</orth>
                          </form>
                        </form>
                      </form>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*kāsī</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old English</lang>
                    <orth>ċīese, ċīse, ċȳse, ċȳsa, ċēse, ċǣse</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Middle English</lang>
                      <orth>chese, cheese, chesse, cheys, chiese, chise, cæse, ceose, cuse, cyse</orth>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>English</lang>
                        <orth>cheese</orth>
                      </form>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Scots</lang>
                        <orth>cheese</orth>
                      </form>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*kāsī</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old Frisian</lang>
                    <orth>tzīse, *tzēse</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>East Frisian</lang>
                      <orth>?</orth>
                    </form>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>North Frisian</lang>
                      <orth>?</orth>
                    </form>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>West Frisian</lang>
                      <orth>tsiis, tsjiis</orth>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*kāsī</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old High German</lang>
                    <orth>kāsi, chāsi</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Middle High German</lang>
                      <orth>kæse</orth>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Alemannic German</lang>
                        <orth>Chääs, Chees, Chèès</orth>
                      </form>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Bavarian</lang>
                        <orth>Kas, Kaas</orth>
                      </form>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>East Franconian</lang>
                        <orth>Kaas, Kees</orth>
                      </form>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>German</lang>
                        <orth>Käse</orth>
                      </form>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Hunsrik</lang>
                        <orth>Kees</orth>
                      </form>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Kölsch</lang>
                        <orth>Kies</orth>
                      </form>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Luxembourgish</lang>
                        <orth>Kéis</orth>
                      </form>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Rhine Franconian</lang>
                        <orth>?</orth>
                      </form>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Vilamovian</lang>
                        <orth>kȳz</orth>
                      </form>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Yiddish</lang>
                        <orth>קעז (kez)</orth>
                      </form>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*kāsī</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old Saxon</lang>
                    <orth>kāsi</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Middle Low German</lang>
                      <orth>kêse</orth>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Plautdietsch</lang>
                        <orth>Kjees</orth>
                      </form>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*kāsī</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old Saxon</lang>
                    <orth>kāsi</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Middle Low German</lang>
                      <orth>kêse</orth>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Low German</lang>
                        <orth>Käse</orth>
                        <form type="descendant">
                          <lang>Dutch Low Saxon</lang>
                          <orth>keze</orth>
                        </form>
                        <form type="descendant">
                          <lang>German Low German</lang>
                          <orth>Kees</orth>
                        </form>
                      </form>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Old Norse</lang>
                  <orth>kæsir</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Danish</lang>
                    <orth>kæse</orth>
                  </form>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Elfdalian</lang>
                    <orth>kęse</orth>
                  </form>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Icelandic</lang>
                    <orth>kæsir</orth>
                  </form>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Norwegian Nynorsk</lang>
                    <orth>kjese</orth>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-Samic</lang>
                  <orth>*kāsëjē</orth>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-Finnic</lang>
                  <orth>*kahja</orth>
                </form>
              </item>
            </list>
          </re>
        </entry>
      </div>
    </body>
  </text>
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