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  <teiHeader>
    <fileDesc>
      <titleStmt>
        <title type="main">Wurdahuzdą: Proto-Germanic dictionary — *kōlijaną</title>
        <author>Scott K. Shay</author>
      </titleStmt>
      <publicationStmt>
        <publisher>Wardja Press</publisher>
        <date when="2026-10-02"/>
        <idno type="URL">https://protogermanic.org/pgmc_kōlijaną</idno>
      </publicationStmt>
      <sourceDesc>
        <p>Single-entry extract from the dictionary. Cross-references to other entries point to their identifiers in the full dictionary.</p>
      </sourceDesc>
    </fileDesc>
  </teiHeader>
  <text>
    <body>
      <div type="dictionary">
        <entry xml:id="pgmc_kolijana" type="verb" corresp="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/kōlijaną">
          <form type="lemma">
            <orth>kōlijaną</orth>
            <pron notation="ipa">ˈkɔː.li.jɑ.nɑ̃</pron>
            <form type="runic">
              <orth>ᚲᛟᛚᛁᛃᚨᚾᚨ</orth>
            </form>
          </form>
          <gramGrp>
            <pos>verb</pos>
            <gram type="class">Weak class 1</gram>
          </gramGrp>
          <sense n="1">
            <def>to make cold, to cool</def>
          </sense>
          <etym>
            <seg type="p">From *kōlaz (‘cool’) + *-janą, or possibly a causative formation equivalent to *kalaną (‘to be cold, to freeze’) + *-janą.</seg>
          </etym>
          <re type="paradigm">
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #act #p1 #sg">
              <orth>kōlijō</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #act #p1 #sg">
              <orth>kōlijaų</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #pass #p1 #sg">
              <orth>kōlijai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #act #p2 #sg">
              <orth>kōlīsi</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #act #p2 #sg">
              <orth>kōlijais</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #imper #act #p2 #sg">
              <orth>kōlī</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #pass #p2 #sg">
              <orth>kōlijasai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #pass #p2 #sg">
              <orth>kōlijaisau</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #act #p3 #sg">
              <orth>kōlīþi</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #act #p3 #sg">
              <orth>kōlijai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #imper #act #p3 #sg">
              <orth>kōlijaþau</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #pass #p3 #sg">
              <orth>kōlijaþai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #pass #p3 #sg">
              <orth>kōlijaiþau</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #act #p1 #du">
              <orth>kōlijōs</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #act #p1 #du">
              <orth>kōlijaiw</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #act #p2 #du">
              <orth>kōlijaþiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #act #p2 #du">
              <orth>kōlijaiþiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #imper #act #p2 #du">
              <orth>kōlijaþiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #act #p1 #pl">
              <orth>kōlijamaz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #act #p1 #pl">
              <orth>kōlijaim</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #pass #p1 #pl">
              <orth>kōlijanþai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #pass #p1 #pl">
              <orth>kōlijainþau</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #act #p2 #pl">
              <orth>kōlīþ</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #act #p2 #pl">
              <orth>kōlijaiþ</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #imper #act #p2 #pl">
              <orth>kōlīþ</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #pass #p2 #pl">
              <orth>kōlijanþai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #pass #p2 #pl">
              <orth>kōlijainþau</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #act #p3 #pl">
              <orth>kōlijanþi</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #act #p3 #pl">
              <orth>kōlijain</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #imper #act #p3 #pl">
              <orth>kōlijanþau</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #pass #p3 #pl">
              <orth>kōlijanþai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #pass #p3 #pl">
              <orth>kōlijainþau</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #ind #p1 #sg">
              <orth>kōlidǭ</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #subj #p1 #sg">
              <orth>kōlidēdį̄</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #ind #p2 #sg">
              <orth>kōlidēz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #subj #p2 #sg">
              <orth>kōlidēdīz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #ind #p3 #sg">
              <orth>kōlidē</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #subj #p3 #sg">
              <orth>kōlidēdī</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #ind #p1 #du">
              <orth>kōlidēdū</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #subj #p1 #du">
              <orth>kōlidēdīw</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #ind #p2 #du">
              <orth>kōlidēdudiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #subj #p2 #du">
              <orth>kōlidēdīdiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #ind #p1 #pl">
              <orth>kōlidēdum</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #subj #p1 #pl">
              <orth>kōlidēdīm</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #ind #p2 #pl">
              <orth>kōlidēdud</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #subj #p2 #pl">
              <orth>kōlidēdīd</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #ind #p3 #pl">
              <orth>kōlidēdun</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #subj #p3 #pl">
              <orth>kōlidēdīn</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="participle" subtype="present">
              <orth>kōlijandz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="participle" subtype="past">
              <orth>kōlidaz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="infinitive">
              <orth>kōlijaną</orth>
            </form>
          </re>
          <re type="descendants">
            <list>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*kōlijan</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old Dutch</lang>
                    <orth>*cuolen</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Middle Dutch</lang>
                      <orth>coelen</orth>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Limburgish</lang>
                        <orth>keule</orth>
                      </form>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*kōlijan</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old Dutch</lang>
                    <orth>*cuolen</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Middle Dutch</lang>
                      <orth>coelen</orth>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Dutch</lang>
                        <orth>koelen</orth>
                        <form type="descendant">
                          <lang>Afrikaans</lang>
                          <orth>koel</orth>
                        </form>
                      </form>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*kōlijan</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old English</lang>
                    <orth>cœ̄lan, cēlan, ċēlan</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Middle English</lang>
                      <orth>kelen, chelen</orth>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>English</lang>
                        <orth>keel</orth>
                      </form>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Scots</lang>
                        <orth>kele, keyle</orth>
                      </form>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*kōlijan</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old Frisian</lang>
                    <orth>kēla</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Saterland Frisian</lang>
                      <orth>käile, köile</orth>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*kōlijan</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old High German</lang>
                    <orth>kuolen</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Middle High German</lang>
                      <orth>küelen</orth>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Alemannic German</lang>
                        <orth>chüele</orth>
                      </form>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Bavarian</lang>
                        <orth>kuin, kühn</orth>
                      </form>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>German</lang>
                        <orth>kühlen</orth>
                      </form>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*kōlijan</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old High German</lang>
                    <orth>kuolen</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Middle High German</lang>
                      <orth>küelen</orth>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Central Franconian</lang>
                        <orth>köhle, kehle, kiehle</orth>
                        <form type="descendant">
                          <lang>Luxembourgish</lang>
                          <orth>killen</orth>
                        </form>
                      </form>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*kōlijan</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old Saxon</lang>
                    <orth>*kōlian</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Middle Low German</lang>
                      <orth>kö̂len, koilen, kůlen</orth>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>German Low German</lang>
                        <orth>köhlen</orth>
                      </form>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Old Norse</lang>
                  <orth>kœla</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Danish</lang>
                    <orth>køle</orth>
                  </form>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Faroese</lang>
                    <orth>køla</orth>
                  </form>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Icelandic</lang>
                    <orth>kæla</orth>
                  </form>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Norwegian</lang>
                    <orth>kjøle</orth>
                  </form>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Swedish</lang>
                    <orth>kyla</orth>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Old Norse</lang>
                  <orth>kǿla</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Danish</lang>
                    <orth>køle</orth>
                  </form>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Faroese</lang>
                    <orth>køla</orth>
                  </form>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Icelandic</lang>
                    <orth>kæla</orth>
                  </form>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Norwegian</lang>
                    <orth>kjøle</orth>
                  </form>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Swedish</lang>
                    <orth>kyla</orth>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
            </list>
          </re>
        </entry>
      </div>
    </body>
  </text>
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