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    <fileDesc>
      <titleStmt>
        <title type="main">Wurdahuzdą: Proto-Germanic dictionary — *lahsaz</title>
        <author>Scott K. Shay</author>
      </titleStmt>
      <publicationStmt>
        <publisher>Wardja Press</publisher>
        <date when="2026-10-01"/>
        <idno type="URL">https://protogermanic.org/pgmc_lahsaz</idno>
      </publicationStmt>
      <sourceDesc>
        <p>Single-entry extract from the dictionary. Cross-references to other entries point to their identifiers in the full dictionary.</p>
      </sourceDesc>
    </fileDesc>
  </teiHeader>
  <text>
    <body>
      <list type="cognates">
        <item xml:id="cog_ine-x-proto_laks" xml:lang="ine-x-proto" type="etymon">
          <orth>*laḱs-</orth>
          <def>salmon, trout</def>
        </item>
        <item xml:id="cog_txb_laks" xml:lang="txb" type="cognate">
          <orth>laks</orth>
          <def>fish</def>
        </item>
      </list>
      <div type="dictionary">
        <entry xml:id="pgmc_lahsaz" type="noun" corresp="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/lahsaz">
          <form type="lemma">
            <orth>lahsaz</orth>
            <pron notation="ipa">ˈlɑx.sɑz</pron>
            <form type="runic">
              <orth>ᛚᚨᚺᛊᚨᛉ</orth>
            </form>
          </form>
          <gramGrp>
            <pos>noun</pos>
            <gram type="gender">masculine</gram>
            <gram type="stem">a-stem</gram>
          </gramGrp>
          <sense n="1">
            <def>salmon</def>
          </sense>
          <etym>
            <seg type="p">From Pre-Germanic *laḱsos, from Proto-Indo-European <mentioned xml:lang="ine-x-proto" target="#cog_ine-x-proto_laks"><ref target="#cog_ine-x-proto_laks">*laḱs-</ref></mentioned> (‘salmon, trout’). Cognate with Proto-Slavic *lososь, Ossetian лӕсӕг (læsæg, ‘salmon’), Tocharian B <mentioned xml:lang="txb" target="#cog_txb_laks"><ref target="#cog_txb_laks">laks</ref></mentioned> (‘fish’). See lax and Latvian lasis for further non-Germanic cognates.</seg>
          </etym>
          <re type="paradigm">
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #nom">
              <orth>lahsaz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #nom">
              <orth>lahsōz, lahsōs</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #acc">
              <orth>lahsą</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #acc">
              <orth>lahsanz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #gen">
              <orth>lahsas, lahsis</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #gen">
              <orth>lahsǫ̂</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #dat">
              <orth>lahsai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #dat">
              <orth>lahsamaz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #instr">
              <orth>lahsō</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #instr">
              <orth>lahsamiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #voc">
              <orth>lahs</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #voc">
              <orth>lahsōz, lahsōs</orth>
            </form>
          </re>
          <re type="descendants">
            <list>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*lahs</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old Dutch</lang>
                    <orth>*lahs</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Middle Dutch</lang>
                      <orth>lachs, lasche, lacks, lack</orth>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Dutch</lang>
                        <orth>las</orth>
                      </form>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*lahs</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old English</lang>
                    <orth>leax</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Middle English</lang>
                      <orth>lax</orth>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>English</lang>
                        <orth>lax</orth>
                      </form>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Scots</lang>
                        <orth>lax</orth>
                      </form>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*lahs</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old High German</lang>
                    <orth>lahs</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Middle High German</lang>
                      <orth>lahs</orth>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>German</lang>
                        <orth>Lachs</orth>
                        <form type="descendant">
                          <lang>German Low German</lang>
                          <orth>Lachs</orth>
                        </form>
                        <form type="descendant">
                          <lang>Saterland Frisian</lang>
                          <orth>Lachs</orth>
                        </form>
                      </form>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*lahs</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old High German</lang>
                    <orth>lahs</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Middle High German</lang>
                      <orth>lahs</orth>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Yiddish</lang>
                        <orth>לאַקס (laks)</orth>
                        <form type="descendant">
                          <lang>English</lang>
                          <orth>lox</orth>
                        </form>
                      </form>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*lahs</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old Saxon</lang>
                    <orth>lahs</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Middle Low German</lang>
                      <orth>las</orth>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Old Norse</lang>
                  <orth>lax</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Elfdalian</lang>
                    <orth>laks</orth>
                  </form>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Faroese</lang>
                    <orth>laksur</orth>
                  </form>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Gutnish</lang>
                    <orth>lax</orth>
                  </form>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Icelandic</lang>
                    <orth>lax</orth>
                  </form>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Norn</lang>
                    <orth>laks</orth>
                  </form>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Norwegian Nynorsk</lang>
                    <orth>laks</orth>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Old Norse</lang>
                  <orth>lax</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old Danish</lang>
                    <orth>lax</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Danish</lang>
                      <orth>laks</orth>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Norwegian Bokmål</lang>
                        <orth>laks</orth>
                      </form>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Old Norse</lang>
                  <orth>lax</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old Swedish</lang>
                    <orth>lax</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Swedish</lang>
                      <orth>lax</orth>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
            </list>
          </re>
        </entry>
      </div>
    </body>
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