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    <fileDesc>
      <titleStmt>
        <title type="main">Wurdahuzdą: Proto-Germanic dictionary — *laistijaną</title>
        <author>Scott K. Shay</author>
      </titleStmt>
      <publicationStmt>
        <publisher>Wardja Press</publisher>
        <date when="2026-10-02"/>
        <idno type="URL">https://protogermanic.org/pgmc_laistijaną</idno>
      </publicationStmt>
      <sourceDesc>
        <p>Single-entry extract from the dictionary. Cross-references to other entries point to their identifiers in the full dictionary.</p>
      </sourceDesc>
    </fileDesc>
  </teiHeader>
  <text>
    <body>
      <div type="dictionary">
        <entry xml:id="pgmc_laistijana" type="verb" corresp="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/laistijaną">
          <form type="lemma">
            <orth>laistijaną</orth>
            <pron notation="ipa">ˈlɑi̯s.ti.jɑ.nɑ̃</pron>
            <form type="runic">
              <orth>ᛚᚨᛁᛊᛏᛁᛃᚨᚾᚨ</orth>
            </form>
          </form>
          <gramGrp>
            <pos>verb</pos>
            <gram type="class">Weak class 1</gram>
          </gramGrp>
          <sense n="1">
            <def>to track, follow</def>
          </sense>
          <sense n="2">
            <def>to pursue</def>
          </sense>
          <etym>
            <seg type="p">From *laistaz (‘track, trace, footprint’) + *-janą.</seg>
          </etym>
          <re type="paradigm">
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #act #p1 #sg">
              <orth>laistijō</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #act #p1 #sg">
              <orth>laistijaų</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #pass #p1 #sg">
              <orth>laistijai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #act #p2 #sg">
              <orth>laistīsi</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #act #p2 #sg">
              <orth>laistijais</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #imper #act #p2 #sg">
              <orth>laistī</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #pass #p2 #sg">
              <orth>laistijasai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #pass #p2 #sg">
              <orth>laistijaisau</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #act #p3 #sg">
              <orth>laistīþi</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #act #p3 #sg">
              <orth>laistijai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #imper #act #p3 #sg">
              <orth>laistijaþau</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #pass #p3 #sg">
              <orth>laistijaþai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #pass #p3 #sg">
              <orth>laistijaiþau</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #act #p1 #du">
              <orth>laistijōs</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #act #p1 #du">
              <orth>laistijaiw</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #act #p2 #du">
              <orth>laistijaþiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #act #p2 #du">
              <orth>laistijaiþiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #imper #act #p2 #du">
              <orth>laistijaþiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #act #p1 #pl">
              <orth>laistijamaz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #act #p1 #pl">
              <orth>laistijaim</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #pass #p1 #pl">
              <orth>laistijanþai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #pass #p1 #pl">
              <orth>laistijainþau</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #act #p2 #pl">
              <orth>laistīþ</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #act #p2 #pl">
              <orth>laistijaiþ</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #imper #act #p2 #pl">
              <orth>laistīþ</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #pass #p2 #pl">
              <orth>laistijanþai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #pass #p2 #pl">
              <orth>laistijainþau</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #act #p3 #pl">
              <orth>laistijanþi</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #act #p3 #pl">
              <orth>laistijain</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #imper #act #p3 #pl">
              <orth>laistijanþau</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #pass #p3 #pl">
              <orth>laistijanþai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #pass #p3 #pl">
              <orth>laistijainþau</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #ind #p1 #sg">
              <orth>laistidǭ</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #subj #p1 #sg">
              <orth>laistidēdį̄</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #ind #p2 #sg">
              <orth>laistidēz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #subj #p2 #sg">
              <orth>laistidēdīz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #ind #p3 #sg">
              <orth>laistidē</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #subj #p3 #sg">
              <orth>laistidēdī</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #ind #p1 #du">
              <orth>laistidēdū</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #subj #p1 #du">
              <orth>laistidēdīw</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #ind #p2 #du">
              <orth>laistidēdudiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #subj #p2 #du">
              <orth>laistidēdīdiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #ind #p1 #pl">
              <orth>laistidēdum</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #subj #p1 #pl">
              <orth>laistidēdīm</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #ind #p2 #pl">
              <orth>laistidēdud</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #subj #p2 #pl">
              <orth>laistidēdīd</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #ind #p3 #pl">
              <orth>laistidēdun</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #subj #p3 #pl">
              <orth>laistidēdīn</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="participle" subtype="present">
              <orth>laistijandz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="participle" subtype="past">
              <orth>laistidaz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="infinitive">
              <orth>laistijaną</orth>
            </form>
          </re>
          <re type="descendants">
            <list>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*laistijan</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old Dutch</lang>
                    <orth>*lēsten</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Middle Dutch</lang>
                      <orth>lêesten</orth>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Dutch</lang>
                        <orth>leesten</orth>
                      </form>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*laistijan</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old English</lang>
                    <orth>lǣstan</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Middle English</lang>
                      <orth>lasten, lesten</orth>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>English</lang>
                        <orth>last</orth>
                      </form>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Scots</lang>
                        <orth>lest</orth>
                      </form>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*laistijan</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old Frisian</lang>
                    <orth>lāsta, lēsta</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>North Frisian</lang>
                      <orth>laste</orth>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*laistijan</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old High German</lang>
                    <orth>leisten</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Middle High German</lang>
                      <orth>leisten</orth>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>German</lang>
                        <orth>leisten</orth>
                      </form>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Luxembourgish</lang>
                        <orth>leeschten</orth>
                      </form>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*laistijan</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old Saxon</lang>
                    <orth>lēstian</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Middle Low German</lang>
                      <orth>lêsten, leisten</orth>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>German Low German</lang>
                        <orth>leisten</orth>
                      </form>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Gothic</lang>
                  <orth>𐌻𐌰𐌹𐍃𐍄𐌾𐌰𐌽 (laistjan)</orth>
                </form>
              </item>
            </list>
          </re>
        </entry>
      </div>
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