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    <fileDesc>
      <titleStmt>
        <title type="main">Wurdahuzdą: Proto-Germanic dictionary — *laizijaną</title>
        <author>Scott K. Shay</author>
      </titleStmt>
      <publicationStmt>
        <publisher>Wardja Press</publisher>
        <date when="2026-10-02"/>
        <idno type="URL">https://protogermanic.org/pgmc_laizijaną</idno>
      </publicationStmt>
      <sourceDesc>
        <p>Single-entry extract from the dictionary. Cross-references to other entries point to their identifiers in the full dictionary.</p>
      </sourceDesc>
    </fileDesc>
  </teiHeader>
  <text>
    <body>
      <div type="dictionary">
        <entry xml:id="pgmc_laizijana" type="verb" corresp="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/laizijaną">
          <form type="lemma">
            <orth>laizijaną</orth>
            <pron notation="ipa">ˈlɑi̯.zi.jɑ.nɑ̃</pron>
            <form type="runic">
              <orth>ᛚᚨᛁᛉᛁᛃᚨᚾᚨ</orth>
            </form>
          </form>
          <gramGrp>
            <pos>verb</pos>
            <gram type="class">Weak class 1</gram>
          </gramGrp>
          <sense n="1">
            <def>to teach</def>
          </sense>
          <etym>
            <seg type="p">From *lizaną + *-janą, stative from the root *leys- (‘track, furrow, trace, trail’)</seg>
          </etym>
          <re type="paradigm">
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #act #p1 #sg">
              <orth>laizijō</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #act #p1 #sg">
              <orth>laizijaų</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #pass #p1 #sg">
              <orth>laizijai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #act #p2 #sg">
              <orth>laizīsi</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #act #p2 #sg">
              <orth>laizijais</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #imper #act #p2 #sg">
              <orth>laizī</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #pass #p2 #sg">
              <orth>laizijasai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #pass #p2 #sg">
              <orth>laizijaisau</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #act #p3 #sg">
              <orth>laizīþi</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #act #p3 #sg">
              <orth>laizijai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #imper #act #p3 #sg">
              <orth>laizijaþau</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #pass #p3 #sg">
              <orth>laizijaþai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #pass #p3 #sg">
              <orth>laizijaiþau</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #act #p1 #du">
              <orth>laizijōs</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #act #p1 #du">
              <orth>laizijaiw</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #act #p2 #du">
              <orth>laizijaþiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #act #p2 #du">
              <orth>laizijaiþiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #imper #act #p2 #du">
              <orth>laizijaþiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #act #p1 #pl">
              <orth>laizijamaz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #act #p1 #pl">
              <orth>laizijaim</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #pass #p1 #pl">
              <orth>laizijanþai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #pass #p1 #pl">
              <orth>laizijainþau</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #act #p2 #pl">
              <orth>laizīþ</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #act #p2 #pl">
              <orth>laizijaiþ</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #imper #act #p2 #pl">
              <orth>laizīþ</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #pass #p2 #pl">
              <orth>laizijanþai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #pass #p2 #pl">
              <orth>laizijainþau</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #act #p3 #pl">
              <orth>laizijanþi</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #act #p3 #pl">
              <orth>laizijain</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #imper #act #p3 #pl">
              <orth>laizijanþau</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #pass #p3 #pl">
              <orth>laizijanþai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #pass #p3 #pl">
              <orth>laizijainþau</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #ind #p1 #sg">
              <orth>laizidǭ</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #subj #p1 #sg">
              <orth>laizidēdį̄</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #ind #p2 #sg">
              <orth>laizidēz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #subj #p2 #sg">
              <orth>laizidēdīz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #ind #p3 #sg">
              <orth>laizidē</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #subj #p3 #sg">
              <orth>laizidēdī</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #ind #p1 #du">
              <orth>laizidēdū</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #subj #p1 #du">
              <orth>laizidēdīw</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #ind #p2 #du">
              <orth>laizidēdudiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #subj #p2 #du">
              <orth>laizidēdīdiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #ind #p1 #pl">
              <orth>laizidēdum</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #subj #p1 #pl">
              <orth>laizidēdīm</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #ind #p2 #pl">
              <orth>laizidēdud</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #subj #p2 #pl">
              <orth>laizidēdīd</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #ind #p3 #pl">
              <orth>laizidēdun</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #subj #p3 #pl">
              <orth>laizidēdīn</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="participle" subtype="present">
              <orth>laizijandz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="participle" subtype="past">
              <orth>laizidaz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="infinitive">
              <orth>laizijaną</orth>
            </form>
          </re>
          <re type="descendants">
            <list>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*laiʀijan</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old Dutch</lang>
                    <orth>lēren</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Middle Dutch</lang>
                      <orth>lêren</orth>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Dutch</lang>
                        <orth>leren</orth>
                      </form>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Limburgish</lang>
                        <orth>lieëre</orth>
                      </form>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*laiʀijan</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old English</lang>
                    <orth>lǣran</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Middle English</lang>
                      <orth>leren</orth>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>English</lang>
                        <orth>lear</orth>
                      </form>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Scots</lang>
                        <orth>lere, leir</orth>
                      </form>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*laiʀijan</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old Frisian</lang>
                    <orth>lēra</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Saterland Frisian</lang>
                      <orth>leere</orth>
                    </form>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>West Frisian</lang>
                      <orth>leare</orth>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*laiʀijan</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old High German</lang>
                    <orth>lēren</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Middle High German</lang>
                      <orth>lēren</orth>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Alemannic German</lang>
                        <orth>?</orth>
                      </form>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>German</lang>
                        <orth>lehren</orth>
                      </form>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Luxembourgish</lang>
                        <orth>léieren</orth>
                      </form>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*laiʀijan</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old Saxon</lang>
                    <orth>lērian</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Middle Low German</lang>
                      <orth>lêren</orth>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Low German</lang>
                        <orth>lehren, liehren</orth>
                      </form>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*laiʀijan</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old Saxon</lang>
                    <orth>lērian</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Middle Low German</lang>
                      <orth>lêren</orth>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Old Norse</lang>
                        <orth>læra</orth>
                        <form type="descendant">
                          <lang>Faroese</lang>
                          <orth>læra</orth>
                        </form>
                        <form type="descendant">
                          <lang>Icelandic</lang>
                          <orth>læra</orth>
                        </form>
                        <form type="descendant">
                          <lang>Norwegian Nynorsk</lang>
                          <orth>læra</orth>
                        </form>
                        <form type="descendant">
                          <lang>Swedish</lang>
                          <orth>lära</orth>
                        </form>
                      </form>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*laiʀijan</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old Saxon</lang>
                    <orth>lērian</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Middle Low German</lang>
                      <orth>lêren</orth>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Old Norse</lang>
                        <orth>læra</orth>
                        <form type="descendant">
                          <lang>Danish</lang>
                          <orth>lære</orth>
                          <form type="descendant">
                            <lang>Norwegian Bokmål</lang>
                            <orth>lære</orth>
                          </form>
                        </form>
                      </form>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Gothic</lang>
                  <orth>𐌻𐌰𐌹𐍃𐌾𐌰𐌽 (laisjan)</orth>
                </form>
              </item>
            </list>
          </re>
        </entry>
      </div>
    </body>
  </text>
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