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  <teiHeader>
    <fileDesc>
      <titleStmt>
        <title type="main">Wurdahuzdą: Proto-Germanic dictionary — *lamaz</title>
        <author>Scott K. Shay</author>
      </titleStmt>
      <publicationStmt>
        <publisher>Wardja Press</publisher>
        <date when="2026-10-02"/>
        <idno type="URL">https://protogermanic.org/pgmc_lamaz</idno>
      </publicationStmt>
      <sourceDesc>
        <p>Single-entry extract from the dictionary. Cross-references to other entries point to their identifiers in the full dictionary.</p>
      </sourceDesc>
    </fileDesc>
  </teiHeader>
  <text>
    <body>
      <list type="cognates">
        <item xml:id="cog_ine-x-proto_h3lemh" xml:lang="ine-x-proto" type="etymon">
          <orth>*h₃lemH-</orth>
          <def>weak, broken, soft</def>
        </item>
        <item xml:id="cog_sla-x-proto_lom" xml:lang="sla-x-proto" type="cognate">
          <orth>*lomъ</orth>
          <def>fracture, breakage; crowbar</def>
        </item>
      </list>
      <div type="dictionary">
        <entry xml:id="pgmc_lamaz" type="adj" corresp="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/lamaz">
          <form type="lemma">
            <orth>lamaz</orth>
            <pron notation="ipa">ˈlɑ.mɑz</pron>
            <form type="runic">
              <orth>ᛚᚨᛗᚨᛉ</orth>
            </form>
          </form>
          <gramGrp>
            <pos>adj</pos>
            <gram type="stem">a-stem</gram>
          </gramGrp>
          <sense n="1">
            <def>lame</def>
          </sense>
          <sense n="2">
            <def>withered, defective</def>
          </sense>
          <etym>
            <seg type="p">From Proto-Indo-European <mentioned xml:lang="ine-x-proto" target="#cog_ine-x-proto_h3lemh"><ref target="#cog_ine-x-proto_h3lemh">*h₃lemH-</ref></mentioned> (‘weak, broken, soft’). Cognate with Proto-Slavic <mentioned xml:lang="sla-x-proto" target="#cog_sla-x-proto_lom"><ref target="#cog_sla-x-proto_lom">*lomъ</ref></mentioned> (‘fracture, breakage; crowbar’).</seg>
          </etym>
          <re type="paradigm">
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #nom #masc #strong">
              <orth>lamaz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #nom #fem #strong">
              <orth>lamō</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #nom #neut #strong">
              <orth>lamą, -atō</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #nom #masc #strong">
              <orth>lamai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #nom #fem #strong">
              <orth>lamôz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #nom #neut #strong">
              <orth>lamō</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #acc #masc #strong">
              <orth>lamanǭ</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #acc #fem #strong">
              <orth>lamǭ</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #acc #neut #strong">
              <orth>lamą, -atō</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #acc #masc #strong">
              <orth>lamanz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #acc #fem #strong">
              <orth>lamōz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #acc #neut #strong">
              <orth>lamō</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #gen #masc #strong">
              <orth>lamas, -is</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #gen #fem #strong">
              <orth>lamaizōz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #gen #neut #strong">
              <orth>lamas, -is</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #gen #masc #strong">
              <orth>lamaizǫ̂</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #gen #fem #strong">
              <orth>lamaizǫ̂</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #gen #neut #strong">
              <orth>lamaizǫ̂</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #dat #masc #strong">
              <orth>lamammai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #dat #fem #strong">
              <orth>lamaizōi</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #dat #neut #strong">
              <orth>lamammai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #dat #masc #strong">
              <orth>lamaimaz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #dat #fem #strong">
              <orth>lamaimaz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #dat #neut #strong">
              <orth>lamaimaz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #instr #masc #strong">
              <orth>lamanō</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #instr #fem #strong">
              <orth>lamaizō</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #instr #neut #strong">
              <orth>lamanō</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #instr #masc #strong">
              <orth>lamaimiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #instr #fem #strong">
              <orth>lamaimiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #instr #neut #strong">
              <orth>lamaimiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #nom #masc #weak">
              <orth>lamô</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #nom #fem #weak">
              <orth>lamǭ</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #nom #neut #weak">
              <orth>lamô</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #nom #masc #weak">
              <orth>lamaniz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #nom #fem #weak">
              <orth>lamōniz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #nom #neut #weak">
              <orth>lamōnō</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #acc #masc #weak">
              <orth>lamanų</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #acc #fem #weak">
              <orth>lamōnų</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #acc #neut #weak">
              <orth>lamô</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #acc #masc #weak">
              <orth>lamanunz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #acc #fem #weak">
              <orth>lamōnunz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #acc #neut #weak">
              <orth>lamōnō</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #gen #masc #weak">
              <orth>laminiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #gen #fem #weak">
              <orth>lamōniz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #gen #neut #weak">
              <orth>laminiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #gen #masc #weak">
              <orth>lamanǫ̂</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #gen #fem #weak">
              <orth>lamōnǫ̂</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #gen #neut #weak">
              <orth>lamanǫ̂</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #dat #masc #weak">
              <orth>lamini</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #dat #fem #weak">
              <orth>lamōni</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #dat #neut #weak">
              <orth>lamini</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #dat #masc #weak">
              <orth>lamammaz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #dat #fem #weak">
              <orth>lamōmaz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #dat #neut #weak">
              <orth>lamammaz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #instr #masc #weak">
              <orth>laminē</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #instr #fem #weak">
              <orth>lamōnē</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #instr #neut #weak">
              <orth>laminē</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #instr #masc #weak">
              <orth>lamammiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #instr #fem #weak">
              <orth>lamōmiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #instr #neut #weak">
              <orth>lamammiz</orth>
            </form>
          </re>
          <re type="descendants">
            <list>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*lam</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old Dutch</lang>
                    <orth>*lam</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Middle Dutch</lang>
                      <orth>lam</orth>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Limburgish</lang>
                        <orth>laam</orth>
                      </form>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*lam</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old Dutch</lang>
                    <orth>*lam</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Middle Dutch</lang>
                      <orth>lam</orth>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Dutch</lang>
                        <orth>lam</orth>
                        <form type="descendant">
                          <lang>Afrikaans</lang>
                          <orth>lam</orth>
                        </form>
                      </form>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*lam</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old English</lang>
                    <orth>lama</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Middle English</lang>
                      <orth>lame</orth>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>English</lang>
                        <orth>lame</orth>
                      </form>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Geordie</lang>
                        <orth>lyem</orth>
                      </form>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Scots</lang>
                        <orth>lame</orth>
                      </form>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*lam</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old Frisian</lang>
                    <orth>lom, lem, lam</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>North Frisian</lang>
                      <orth>lom, laam</orth>
                    </form>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Saterland Frisian</lang>
                      <orth>lom</orth>
                    </form>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>West Frisian</lang>
                      <orth>lam</orth>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*lam</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old High German</lang>
                    <orth>lam</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Middle High German</lang>
                      <orth>lam</orth>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Alemannic German</lang>
                        <orth>lamm</orth>
                      </form>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>German</lang>
                        <orth>lahm</orth>
                      </form>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Hunsrik</lang>
                        <orth>laam</orth>
                      </form>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*lam</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old Saxon</lang>
                    <orth>lam</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Middle Low German</lang>
                      <orth>lam, lām, laem</orth>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>German Low German</lang>
                        <orth>lahm</orth>
                      </form>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Old Norse</lang>
                  <orth>lami</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Danish</lang>
                    <orth>lam</orth>
                  </form>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Icelandic</lang>
                    <orth>lami</orth>
                  </form>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Norwegian</lang>
                    <orth>lam</orth>
                  </form>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Ostrobothnian</lang>
                    <orth>?</orth>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Old Norse</lang>
                  <orth>lami</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old Swedish</lang>
                    <orth>lamber</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Swedish</lang>
                      <orth>lam</orth>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-Finnic</lang>
                  <orth>*lama</orth>
                </form>
              </item>
            </list>
          </re>
        </entry>
      </div>
    </body>
  </text>
</TEI>
