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    <fileDesc>
      <titleStmt>
        <title type="main">Wurdahuzdą: Proto-Germanic dictionary — *lamjaną</title>
        <author>Scott K. Shay</author>
      </titleStmt>
      <publicationStmt>
        <publisher>Wardja Press</publisher>
        <date when="2026-10-01"/>
        <idno type="URL">https://protogermanic.org/pgmc_lamjaną</idno>
      </publicationStmt>
      <sourceDesc>
        <p>Single-entry extract from the dictionary. Cross-references to other entries point to their identifiers in the full dictionary.</p>
      </sourceDesc>
    </fileDesc>
  </teiHeader>
  <text>
    <body>
      <list type="cognates">
        <item xml:id="cog_chu_lomiti" xml:lang="chu" type="cognate">
          <orth>ломити</orth>
          <form type="translit">
            <orth>lomiti</orth>
          </form>
        </item>
      </list>
      <div type="dictionary">
        <entry xml:id="pgmc_lamjana" type="verb" corresp="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/lamjaną">
          <form type="lemma">
            <orth>lamjaną</orth>
            <pron notation="ipa">ˈlɑm.jɑ.nɑ̃</pron>
            <form type="runic">
              <orth>ᛚᚨᛗᛃᚨᚾᚨ</orth>
            </form>
          </form>
          <gramGrp>
            <pos>verb</pos>
            <gram type="class">Weak class 1</gram>
          </gramGrp>
          <sense n="1">
            <def>to bash, hit</def>
          </sense>
          <sense n="2">
            <def>to lame, cripple</def>
          </sense>
          <etym>
            <seg type="p">From *lamaz (‘lame’) + *-janą. Cognate with Old Church Slavonic <mentioned xml:lang="chu" target="#cog_chu_lomiti"><ref target="#cog_chu_lomiti">ломити</ref></mentioned> (lomiti) and Old Prussian limtwei.</seg>
          </etym>
          <re type="paradigm">
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #act #p1 #sg">
              <orth>lamjō</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #act #p1 #sg">
              <orth>lamjaų</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #pass #p1 #sg">
              <orth>lamjai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #act #p2 #sg">
              <orth>lamisi</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #act #p2 #sg">
              <orth>lamjais</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #imper #act #p2 #sg">
              <orth>lami</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #pass #p2 #sg">
              <orth>lamjasai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #pass #p2 #sg">
              <orth>lamjaisau</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #act #p3 #sg">
              <orth>lamiþi</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #act #p3 #sg">
              <orth>lamjai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #imper #act #p3 #sg">
              <orth>lamjaþau</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #pass #p3 #sg">
              <orth>lamjaþai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #pass #p3 #sg">
              <orth>lamjaiþau</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #act #p1 #du">
              <orth>lamjōs</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #act #p1 #du">
              <orth>lamjaiw</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #act #p2 #du">
              <orth>lamjaþiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #act #p2 #du">
              <orth>lamjaiþiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #imper #act #p2 #du">
              <orth>lamjaþiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #act #p1 #pl">
              <orth>lamjamaz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #act #p1 #pl">
              <orth>lamjaim</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #pass #p1 #pl">
              <orth>lamjanþai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #pass #p1 #pl">
              <orth>lamjainþau</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #act #p2 #pl">
              <orth>lamiþ</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #act #p2 #pl">
              <orth>lamjaiþ</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #imper #act #p2 #pl">
              <orth>lamiþ</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #pass #p2 #pl">
              <orth>lamjanþai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #pass #p2 #pl">
              <orth>lamjainþau</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #act #p3 #pl">
              <orth>lamjanþi</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #act #p3 #pl">
              <orth>lamjain</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #imper #act #p3 #pl">
              <orth>lamjanþau</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #pass #p3 #pl">
              <orth>lamjanþai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #pass #p3 #pl">
              <orth>lamjainþau</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #ind #p1 #sg">
              <orth>lamidǭ</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #subj #p1 #sg">
              <orth>lamidēdį̄</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #ind #p2 #sg">
              <orth>lamidēz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #subj #p2 #sg">
              <orth>lamidēdīz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #ind #p3 #sg">
              <orth>lamidē</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #subj #p3 #sg">
              <orth>lamidēdī</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #ind #p1 #du">
              <orth>lamidēdū</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #subj #p1 #du">
              <orth>lamidēdīw</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #ind #p2 #du">
              <orth>lamidēdudiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #subj #p2 #du">
              <orth>lamidēdīdiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #ind #p1 #pl">
              <orth>lamidēdum</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #subj #p1 #pl">
              <orth>lamidēdīm</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #ind #p2 #pl">
              <orth>lamidēdud</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #subj #p2 #pl">
              <orth>lamidēdīd</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #ind #p3 #pl">
              <orth>lamidēdun</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #subj #p3 #pl">
              <orth>lamidēdīn</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="participle" subtype="present">
              <orth>lamjandz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="participle" subtype="past">
              <orth>lamidaz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="infinitive">
              <orth>lamjaną</orth>
            </form>
          </re>
          <re type="descendants">
            <list>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*lammjan</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old Frisian</lang>
                    <orth>lemma, lamma</orth>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*lammjan</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old Dutch</lang>
                    <orth>*lemmen</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Middle Dutch</lang>
                      <orth>lemmen, lēmen</orth>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Dutch</lang>
                        <orth>lemmen</orth>
                      </form>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*lammjan</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old English</lang>
                    <orth>lemman, lemian</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Middle English</lang>
                      <orth>lemen</orth>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*lammjan</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old High German</lang>
                    <orth>lemmen</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Middle High German</lang>
                      <orth>lemmen, lemen</orth>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>German</lang>
                        <orth>lähmen</orth>
                      </form>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*lammjan</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old Saxon</lang>
                    <orth>*lemmian</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Middle Low German</lang>
                      <orth>lemmen, lēmen</orth>
                    </form>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Old Saxon</lang>
                      <orth>bilemmian</orth>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Old Norse</lang>
                  <orth>lemja</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Faroese</lang>
                    <orth>lemja</orth>
                  </form>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Icelandic</lang>
                    <orth>lemja</orth>
                  </form>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Norwegian Nynorsk</lang>
                    <orth>lemje</orth>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Old Norse</lang>
                  <orth>lemja</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old Danish</lang>
                    <orth>læmiæ</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Danish</lang>
                      <orth>læmme</orth>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Old Norse</lang>
                  <orth>lemja</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old Swedish</lang>
                    <orth>læmia</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Swedish</lang>
                      <orth>lämma, läma</orth>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
            </list>
          </re>
        </entry>
      </div>
    </body>
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