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  <teiHeader>
    <fileDesc>
      <titleStmt>
        <title type="main">Wurdahuzdą: Proto-Germanic dictionary — *laubą</title>
        <author>Scott K. Shay</author>
      </titleStmt>
      <publicationStmt>
        <publisher>Wardja Press</publisher>
        <date when="2026-10-01"/>
        <idno type="URL">https://protogermanic.org/pgmc_laubą</idno>
      </publicationStmt>
      <sourceDesc>
        <p>Single-entry extract from the dictionary. Cross-references to other entries point to their identifiers in the full dictionary.</p>
      </sourceDesc>
    </fileDesc>
  </teiHeader>
  <text>
    <body>
      <div type="dictionary">
        <entry xml:id="pgmc_lauba" type="noun" corresp="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/laubą">
          <form type="lemma">
            <orth>laubą</orth>
            <pron notation="ipa">ˈlɑu̯.βɑ̃</pron>
            <form type="runic">
              <orth>ᛚᚨᚢᛒᚨ</orth>
            </form>
          </form>
          <gramGrp>
            <pos>noun</pos>
            <gram type="gender">neuter</gram>
            <gram type="stem">a-stem</gram>
          </gramGrp>
          <sense n="1">
            <def>leaf</def>
          </sense>
          <etym>
            <seg type="p">Differing explanations:</seg>
            <seg type="p">The connection, if any, between these two roots is unknown.</seg>
          </etym>
          <re type="paradigm">
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #nom">
              <orth>laubą</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #nom">
              <orth>laubō</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #acc">
              <orth>laubą</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #acc">
              <orth>laubō</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #gen">
              <orth>laubas, laubis</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #gen">
              <orth>laubǫ̂</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #dat">
              <orth>laubai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #dat">
              <orth>laubamaz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #instr">
              <orth>laubō</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #instr">
              <orth>laubamiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #voc">
              <orth>laubą</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #voc">
              <orth>laubō</orth>
            </form>
          </re>
          <re type="descendants">
            <list>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*laub</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old Dutch</lang>
                    <orth>lōf</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Middle Dutch</lang>
                      <orth>lôof</orth>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Limburgish</lang>
                        <orth>louf</orth>
                      </form>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*laub</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old Dutch</lang>
                    <orth>lōf</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Middle Dutch</lang>
                      <orth>lôof</orth>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Dutch</lang>
                        <orth>loof</orth>
                        <form type="descendant">
                          <lang>Afrikaans</lang>
                          <orth>lof</orth>
                        </form>
                      </form>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*laub</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old English</lang>
                    <orth>lēaf</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Middle English</lang>
                      <orth>leef, lefe, leve, lewe</orth>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Scots</lang>
                        <orth>leaf, lefe, leif</orth>
                      </form>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Yola</lang>
                        <orth>laafe</orth>
                      </form>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*laub</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old English</lang>
                    <orth>lēaf</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Middle English</lang>
                      <orth>leef, lefe, leve, lewe</orth>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>English</lang>
                        <orth>leaf</orth>
                        <form type="descendant">
                          <lang>Tok Pisin</lang>
                          <orth>lip</orth>
                        </form>
                      </form>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*laub</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old Frisian</lang>
                    <orth>lāf</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>North Frisian</lang>
                      <orth>lof, luf</orth>
                    </form>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Saterland Frisian</lang>
                      <orth>Loof, Loouw, Looch</orth>
                    </form>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>West Frisian</lang>
                      <orth>leaf</orth>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*laub</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old High German</lang>
                    <orth>loup, loub</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Middle High German</lang>
                      <orth>loup</orth>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Alemannic German</lang>
                        <orth>Làuib</orth>
                      </form>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Bavarian</lang>
                        <orth>?</orth>
                      </form>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>German</lang>
                        <orth>Laub</orth>
                      </form>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Hunsrik</lang>
                        <orth>Laab</orth>
                      </form>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Luxembourgish</lang>
                        <orth>Laf</orth>
                      </form>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Rhine Franconian</lang>
                        <orth>Laab</orth>
                      </form>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Vilamovian</lang>
                        <orth>łojp</orth>
                      </form>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*laub</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old Saxon</lang>
                    <orth>lōf</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Middle Low German</lang>
                      <orth>lôf</orth>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>German Low German</lang>
                        <orth>Loov</orth>
                      </form>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Plautdietsch</lang>
                        <orth>Loof</orth>
                      </form>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Westphalian</lang>
                        <orth>?</orth>
                      </form>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Old Norse</lang>
                  <orth>lauf</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Elfdalian</lang>
                    <orth>lov</orth>
                  </form>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Faroese</lang>
                    <orth>leyv</orth>
                  </form>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Gutnish</lang>
                    <orth>lau, laug, lavv</orth>
                  </form>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Icelandic</lang>
                    <orth>lauf</orth>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Old Norse</lang>
                  <orth>lauf</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Danish</lang>
                    <orth>løv</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Norwegian Bokmål</lang>
                      <orth>løv</orth>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Old Norse</lang>
                  <orth>lauf</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Norwegian Nynorsk</lang>
                    <orth>lauv</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Norwegian Bokmål</lang>
                      <orth>lauv</orth>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Old Norse</lang>
                  <orth>lauf</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old Swedish</lang>
                    <orth>lø̄f</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Swedish</lang>
                      <orth>löv</orth>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Gothic</lang>
                  <orth>𐌻𐌰𐌿𐍆𐍃 (laufs)</orth>
                </form>
              </item>
            </list>
          </re>
        </entry>
      </div>
    </body>
  </text>
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