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  <teiHeader>
    <fileDesc>
      <titleStmt>
        <title type="main">Wurdahuzdą: Proto-Germanic dictionary — *laukaz</title>
        <author>Scott K. Shay</author>
      </titleStmt>
      <publicationStmt>
        <publisher>Wardja Press</publisher>
        <date when="2026-10-01"/>
        <idno type="URL">https://protogermanic.org/pgmc_laukaz</idno>
      </publicationStmt>
      <sourceDesc>
        <p>Single-entry extract from the dictionary. Cross-references to other entries point to their identifiers in the full dictionary.</p>
      </sourceDesc>
    </fileDesc>
  </teiHeader>
  <text>
    <body>
      <div type="dictionary">
        <entry xml:id="pgmc_laukaz" type="noun" corresp="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/laukaz">
          <form type="lemma">
            <orth>laukaz</orth>
            <pron notation="ipa">ˈlɑu̯.kɑz</pron>
            <form type="runic">
              <orth>ᛚᚨᚢᚲᚨᛉ</orth>
            </form>
          </form>
          <gramGrp>
            <pos>noun</pos>
            <gram type="gender">masculine</gram>
            <gram type="stem">a-stem</gram>
          </gramGrp>
          <sense n="1">
            <def>leek</def>
          </sense>
          <etym>
            <seg type="p">Unknown. Generally assumed to be a nominal derivative of *lūkaną (‘to close’), based on the leaves and scales of a leek or onion plant enclosing its stem, but this is uncertain.</seg>
          </etym>
          <re type="paradigm">
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #nom">
              <orth>laukaz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #nom">
              <orth>laukōz, laukōs</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #acc">
              <orth>lauką</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #acc">
              <orth>laukanz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #gen">
              <orth>laukas, laukis</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #gen">
              <orth>laukǫ̂</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #dat">
              <orth>laukai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #dat">
              <orth>laukamaz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #instr">
              <orth>laukō</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #instr">
              <orth>laukamiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #voc">
              <orth>lauk</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #voc">
              <orth>laukōz, laukōs</orth>
            </form>
          </re>
          <re type="descendants">
            <list>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*lauk</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old Dutch</lang>
                    <orth>*lōk</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Middle Dutch</lang>
                      <orth>look</orth>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Dutch</lang>
                        <orth>look</orth>
                      </form>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>West Flemish</lang>
                        <orth>look</orth>
                      </form>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*lauk</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old English</lang>
                    <orth>lēac, *lǣc, lāec, lēc</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Middle English</lang>
                      <orth>lek, leek, leeke, leke, leyke</orth>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Scots</lang>
                        <orth>leke, leik</orth>
                      </form>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*lauk</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old English</lang>
                    <orth>lēac, *lǣc, lāec, lēc</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Middle English</lang>
                      <orth>lek, leek, leeke, leke, leyke</orth>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>English</lang>
                        <orth>leek</orth>
                        <form type="descendant">
                          <lang>Maori</lang>
                          <orth>riki</orth>
                        </form>
                      </form>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*lauk</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old Frisian</lang>
                    <orth>*lāk</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Saterland Frisian</lang>
                      <orth>Look</orth>
                    </form>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>West Frisian</lang>
                      <orth>lak, lok</orth>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*lauk</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old High German</lang>
                    <orth>louh</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Middle High German</lang>
                      <orth>loch</orth>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Alemannic German</lang>
                        <orth>Làuich</orth>
                      </form>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>German</lang>
                        <orth>Lauch</orth>
                      </form>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*lauk</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old Saxon</lang>
                    <orth>lōk</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Middle Low German</lang>
                      <orth>lōk</orth>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Low German</lang>
                        <orth>Look</orth>
                      </form>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Plautdietsch</lang>
                        <orth>Luak</orth>
                      </form>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-Norse</lang>
                  <orth>ᛚᚨᚢᚲᚨᛉ (laukaʀ)</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old Norse</lang>
                    <orth>laukr</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Elfdalian</lang>
                      <orth>lok</orth>
                    </form>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Faroese</lang>
                      <orth>leykur</orth>
                    </form>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Gutnish</lang>
                      <orth>lauk</orth>
                    </form>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Icelandic</lang>
                      <orth>laukur</orth>
                    </form>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Norwegian Nynorsk</lang>
                      <orth>lauk</orth>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-Norse</lang>
                  <orth>ᛚᚨᚢᚲᚨᛉ (laukaʀ)</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old Norse</lang>
                    <orth>laukr</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Old Danish</lang>
                      <orth>lø̄k</orth>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Scanian</lang>
                        <orth>løg</orth>
                      </form>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-Norse</lang>
                  <orth>ᛚᚨᚢᚲᚨᛉ (laukaʀ)</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old Norse</lang>
                    <orth>laukr</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Old Danish</lang>
                      <orth>lø̄k</orth>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Danish</lang>
                        <orth>løg</orth>
                        <form type="descendant">
                          <lang>Norwegian Bokmål</lang>
                          <orth>løk</orth>
                          <form type="descendant">
                            <lang>Norwegian Nynorsk</lang>
                            <orth>løk</orth>
                          </form>
                        </form>
                      </form>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-Norse</lang>
                  <orth>ᛚᚨᚢᚲᚨᛉ (laukaʀ)</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old Norse</lang>
                    <orth>laukr</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Old Swedish</lang>
                      <orth>lø̄ker</orth>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Swedish</lang>
                        <orth>lök</orth>
                      </form>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-Slavic</lang>
                  <orth>*lukъ</orth>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-Finnic</lang>
                  <orth>*laukka</orth>
                </form>
              </item>
            </list>
          </re>
        </entry>
      </div>
    </body>
  </text>
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