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  <teiHeader>
    <fileDesc>
      <titleStmt>
        <title type="main">Wurdahuzdą: Proto-Germanic dictionary — *-lausaz</title>
        <author>Scott K. Shay</author>
      </titleStmt>
      <publicationStmt>
        <publisher>Wardja Press</publisher>
        <date when="2026-10-01"/>
        <idno type="URL">https://protogermanic.org/pgmc_lausaz</idno>
      </publicationStmt>
      <sourceDesc>
        <p>Single-entry extract from the dictionary. Cross-references to other entries point to their identifiers in the full dictionary.</p>
      </sourceDesc>
    </fileDesc>
  </teiHeader>
  <text>
    <body>
      <div type="dictionary">
        <entry xml:id="pgmc_lausaz" type="suffix" corresp="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/-lausaz">
          <form type="lemma">
            <orth>-lausaz</orth>
            <pron notation="ipa">lɑu̯.sɑz</pron>
            <form type="runic">
              <orth>ᛚᚨᚢᛊᚨᛉ</orth>
            </form>
          </form>
          <gramGrp>
            <pos>suffix</pos>
            <gram type="suffixType">adj</gram>
            <gram type="stem">a-stem</gram>
          </gramGrp>
          <sense n="1" type="function">
            <def>Modern English “-less”, lacking, devoid of</def>
          </sense>
          <etym>
            <seg type="p">From <mentioned xml:lang="" target="#pgmc_lausaz_x2"><ref target="#pgmc_lausaz_x2">*lausaz</ref></mentioned>.</seg>
          </etym>
          <re type="paradigm">
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #nom #masc #strong">
              <orth>-lausaz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #nom #fem #strong">
              <orth>-lausō</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #nom #neut #strong">
              <orth>-lausą, -atō</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #nom #masc #strong">
              <orth>-lausai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #nom #fem #strong">
              <orth>-lausôz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #nom #neut #strong">
              <orth>-lausō</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #acc #masc #strong">
              <orth>-lausanǭ</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #acc #fem #strong">
              <orth>-lausǭ</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #acc #neut #strong">
              <orth>-lausą, -atō</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #acc #masc #strong">
              <orth>-lausanz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #acc #fem #strong">
              <orth>-lausōz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #acc #neut #strong">
              <orth>-lausō</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #gen #masc #strong">
              <orth>-lausas, -is</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #gen #fem #strong">
              <orth>-lausaizōz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #gen #neut #strong">
              <orth>-lausas, -is</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #gen #masc #strong">
              <orth>-lausaizǫ̂</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #gen #fem #strong">
              <orth>-lausaizǫ̂</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #gen #neut #strong">
              <orth>-lausaizǫ̂</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #dat #masc #strong">
              <orth>-lausammai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #dat #fem #strong">
              <orth>-lausaizōi</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #dat #neut #strong">
              <orth>-lausammai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #dat #masc #strong">
              <orth>-lausaimaz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #dat #fem #strong">
              <orth>-lausaimaz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #dat #neut #strong">
              <orth>-lausaimaz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #instr #masc #strong">
              <orth>-lausanō</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #instr #fem #strong">
              <orth>-lausaizō</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #instr #neut #strong">
              <orth>-lausanō</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #instr #masc #strong">
              <orth>-lausaimiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #instr #fem #strong">
              <orth>-lausaimiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #instr #neut #strong">
              <orth>-lausaimiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #nom #masc #weak">
              <orth>-lausô</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #nom #fem #weak">
              <orth>-lausǭ</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #nom #neut #weak">
              <orth>-lausô</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #nom #masc #weak">
              <orth>-lausaniz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #nom #fem #weak">
              <orth>-lausōniz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #nom #neut #weak">
              <orth>-lausōnō</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #acc #masc #weak">
              <orth>-lausanų</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #acc #fem #weak">
              <orth>-lausōnų</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #acc #neut #weak">
              <orth>-lausô</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #acc #masc #weak">
              <orth>-lausanunz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #acc #fem #weak">
              <orth>-lausōnunz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #acc #neut #weak">
              <orth>-lausōnō</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #gen #masc #weak">
              <orth>-lausiniz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #gen #fem #weak">
              <orth>-lausōniz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #gen #neut #weak">
              <orth>-lausiniz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #gen #masc #weak">
              <orth>-lausanǫ̂</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #gen #fem #weak">
              <orth>-lausōnǫ̂</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #gen #neut #weak">
              <orth>-lausanǫ̂</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #dat #masc #weak">
              <orth>-lausini</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #dat #fem #weak">
              <orth>-lausōni</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #dat #neut #weak">
              <orth>-lausini</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #dat #masc #weak">
              <orth>-lausammaz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #dat #fem #weak">
              <orth>-lausōmaz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #dat #neut #weak">
              <orth>-lausammaz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #instr #masc #weak">
              <orth>-lausinē</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #instr #fem #weak">
              <orth>-lausōnē</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #instr #neut #weak">
              <orth>-lausinē</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #instr #masc #weak">
              <orth>-lausammiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #instr #fem #weak">
              <orth>-lausōmiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #instr #neut #weak">
              <orth>-lausammiz</orth>
            </form>
          </re>
          <re type="descendants">
            <list>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*-laus</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old Dutch</lang>
                    <orth>-lōs</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Middle Dutch</lang>
                      <orth>-loos</orth>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Dutch</lang>
                        <orth>-loos</orth>
                        <form type="descendant">
                          <lang>Afrikaans</lang>
                          <orth>-loos</orth>
                        </form>
                      </form>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*-laus</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old English</lang>
                    <orth>-lēas, -lēs</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Middle English</lang>
                      <orth>-les, -las, -lasse, -læs, -leas, -lease, -leæs, -lees, -lese, -lesse, -lez, -lies, -liese, -lis, -lise, -lyas, -lyese</orth>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>English</lang>
                        <orth>-less</orth>
                      </form>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Scots</lang>
                        <orth>-less</orth>
                      </form>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*-laus</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old Frisian</lang>
                    <orth>-lās</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Saterland Frisian</lang>
                      <orth>-loos, -los</orth>
                    </form>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>West Frisian</lang>
                      <orth>-leas</orth>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*-laus</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old High German</lang>
                    <orth>-lōs</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Middle High German</lang>
                      <orth>-lōs</orth>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>German</lang>
                        <orth>-los</orth>
                      </form>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Yiddish</lang>
                        <orth>־לאָז (-loz)</orth>
                      </form>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*-laus</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old Saxon</lang>
                    <orth>-lōs</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Middle Low German</lang>
                      <orth>-lôs</orth>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Plautdietsch</lang>
                        <orth>-looss</orth>
                      </form>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-Norse</lang>
                  <orth>*-ᛚᚨᚢᛊᚨᛉ (*-lausaʀ), -ᛚᛡᛋᛡᛦ (-lᴀsᴀʀ), -ᛚᛡᚢᛋᛉ (-lᴀusʀ)</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old Norse</lang>
                    <orth>-lauss</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Faroese</lang>
                      <orth>-leysur</orth>
                    </form>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Icelandic</lang>
                      <orth>-laus</orth>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-Norse</lang>
                  <orth>*-ᛚᚨᚢᛊᚨᛉ (*-lausaʀ), -ᛚᛡᛋᛡᛦ (-lᴀsᴀʀ), -ᛚᛡᚢᛋᛉ (-lᴀusʀ)</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old Norse</lang>
                    <orth>-lauss</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Danish</lang>
                      <orth>-løs</orth>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Norwegian Bokmål</lang>
                        <orth>-løs</orth>
                      </form>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-Norse</lang>
                  <orth>*-ᛚᚨᚢᛊᚨᛉ (*-lausaʀ), -ᛚᛡᛋᛡᛦ (-lᴀsᴀʀ), -ᛚᛡᚢᛋᛉ (-lᴀusʀ)</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old Norse</lang>
                    <orth>-lauss</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Norwegian Nynorsk</lang>
                      <orth>-laus, -laus’u, -laus’e</orth>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Norwegian Bokmål</lang>
                        <orth>-laus</orth>
                      </form>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-Norse</lang>
                  <orth>*-ᛚᚨᚢᛊᚨᛉ (*-lausaʀ), -ᛚᛡᛋᛡᛦ (-lᴀsᴀʀ), -ᛚᛡᚢᛋᛉ (-lᴀusʀ)</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old Norse</lang>
                    <orth>-lauss</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Old Swedish</lang>
                      <orth>-lø̄s</orth>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Swedish</lang>
                        <orth>-lös</orth>
                      </form>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Gothic</lang>
                  <orth>-𐌻𐌰𐌿𐍃 (-laus)</orth>
                </form>
              </item>
            </list>
          </re>
        </entry>
      </div>
    </body>
  </text>
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