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    <fileDesc>
      <titleStmt>
        <title type="main">Wurdahuzdą: Proto-Germanic dictionary — *leusaną</title>
        <author>Scott K. Shay</author>
      </titleStmt>
      <publicationStmt>
        <publisher>Wardja Press</publisher>
        <date when="2026-10-01"/>
        <idno type="URL">https://protogermanic.org/pgmc_leusaną</idno>
      </publicationStmt>
      <sourceDesc>
        <p>Single-entry extract from the dictionary. Cross-references to other entries point to their identifiers in the full dictionary.</p>
      </sourceDesc>
    </fileDesc>
  </teiHeader>
  <text>
    <body>
      <list type="cognates">
        <item xml:id="cog_grc_luo" xml:lang="grc" type="cognate">
          <orth>λύω</orth>
          <form type="translit">
            <orth>lúō</orth>
          </form>
          <def>to loosen, liberate</def>
        </item>
        <item xml:id="cog_hit_kaka" xml:lang="hit" type="cognate">
          <orth>[script needed]</orth>
          <form type="translit">
            <orth>kaka-</orth>
          </form>
          <def>tooth</def>
        </item>
        <item xml:id="cog_lat_luo" xml:lang="lat" type="cognate">
          <orth>luō</orth>
          <def>to expiate, pay</def>
        </item>
        <item xml:id="cog_san_luna" xml:lang="san" type="cognate">
          <orth>लून</orth>
          <form type="translit">
            <orth>lūna</orth>
          </form>
          <def>to sever, cut forth, destroy, annihilate</def>
        </item>
        <item xml:id="cog_sga_asloi" xml:lang="sga" type="cognate">
          <orth>asloí</orth>
          <def>to escape</def>
        </item>
        <item xml:id="cog_xto_lawa" xml:lang="xto" type="cognate">
          <orth>lāwā-</orth>
          <def>to send</def>
        </item>
      </list>
      <div type="dictionary">
        <entry xml:id="pgmc_leusana" type="verb" corresp="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/leusaną">
          <form type="lemma">
            <orth>leusaną</orth>
            <pron notation="ipa">ˈleu̯.sɑ.nɑ̃</pron>
            <form type="runic">
              <orth>ᛚᛖᚢᛊᚨᚾᚨ</orth>
            </form>
          </form>
          <gramGrp>
            <pos>verb</pos>
            <gram type="class">Strong class 2</gram>
          </gramGrp>
          <sense n="1">
            <def>to lose, to cease to have</def>
          </sense>
          <etym>
            <seg type="p">From Proto-Indo-European *lewHs-, from *lewh₁- (‘to cut, sever, separate, loosen, lose’). Outside of Germanic, related to Hittite <mentioned xml:lang="hit" target="#cog_hit_kaka"><ref target="#cog_hit_kaka">[script needed]</ref></mentioned> (lūri-, ‘loss of honor, disgrace’), Tocharian A <mentioned xml:lang="xto" target="#cog_xto_lawa"><ref target="#cog_xto_lawa">lāwā-</ref></mentioned> (‘to send’), Sanskrit <mentioned xml:lang="san" target="#cog_san_luna"><ref target="#cog_san_luna">लून</ref></mentioned> (lūna, ‘to sever, cut forth, destroy, annihilate’), Ancient Greek <mentioned xml:lang="grc" target="#cog_grc_luo"><ref target="#cog_grc_luo">λύω</ref></mentioned> (lúō, ‘to loosen, liberate’), Latin <mentioned xml:lang="lat" target="#cog_lat_luo"><ref target="#cog_lat_luo">luō</ref></mentioned> (‘to expiate, pay’), Old Irish <mentioned xml:lang="sga" target="#cog_sga_asloi"><ref target="#cog_sga_asloi">asloí</ref></mentioned> (‘to escape’), and possibly Old Armenian լուծանեմ (lucanem) and Albanian lirë.</seg>
          </etym>
          <re type="paradigm">
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #act #p1 #sg">
              <orth>leusō</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #act #p1 #sg">
              <orth>leusaų</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #pass #p1 #sg">
              <orth>leusai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #act #p2 #sg">
              <orth>liusizi</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #act #p2 #sg">
              <orth>leusaiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #imper #act #p2 #sg">
              <orth>leus</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #pass #p2 #sg">
              <orth>leusazai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #pass #p2 #sg">
              <orth>leusaizau</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #act #p3 #sg">
              <orth>liusidi</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #act #p3 #sg">
              <orth>leusai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #imper #act #p3 #sg">
              <orth>leusadau</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #pass #p3 #sg">
              <orth>leusadai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #pass #p3 #sg">
              <orth>leusaidau</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #act #p1 #du">
              <orth>leusōz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #act #p1 #du">
              <orth>leusaiw</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #act #p2 #du">
              <orth>leusadiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #act #p2 #du">
              <orth>leusaidiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #imper #act #p2 #du">
              <orth>leusadiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #act #p1 #pl">
              <orth>leusamaz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #act #p1 #pl">
              <orth>leusaim</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #pass #p1 #pl">
              <orth>leusandai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #pass #p1 #pl">
              <orth>leusaindau</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #act #p2 #pl">
              <orth>liusid</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #act #p2 #pl">
              <orth>leusaid</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #imper #act #p2 #pl">
              <orth>liusid</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #pass #p2 #pl">
              <orth>leusandai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #pass #p2 #pl">
              <orth>leusaindau</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #act #p3 #pl">
              <orth>leusandi</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #act #p3 #pl">
              <orth>leusain</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #imper #act #p3 #pl">
              <orth>leusandau</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #pass #p3 #pl">
              <orth>leusandai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #pass #p3 #pl">
              <orth>leusaindau</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #ind #p1 #sg">
              <orth>laus</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #subj #p1 #sg">
              <orth>luzį̄</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #ind #p2 #sg">
              <orth>laust</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #subj #p2 #sg">
              <orth>luzīz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #ind #p3 #sg">
              <orth>laus</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #subj #p3 #sg">
              <orth>luzī</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #ind #p1 #du">
              <orth>luzū</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #subj #p1 #du">
              <orth>luzīw</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #ind #p2 #du">
              <orth>luzudiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #subj #p2 #du">
              <orth>luzīdiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #ind #p1 #pl">
              <orth>luzum</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #subj #p1 #pl">
              <orth>luzīm</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #ind #p2 #pl">
              <orth>luzud</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #subj #p2 #pl">
              <orth>luzīd</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #ind #p3 #pl">
              <orth>luzun</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #subj #p3 #pl">
              <orth>luzīn</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="participle" subtype="present">
              <orth>leusandz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="participle" subtype="past">
              <orth>luzanaz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="infinitive">
              <orth>leusaną</orth>
            </form>
          </re>
          <re type="descendants">
            <list>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*leusan</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old Frisian</lang>
                    <orth>liāsa</orth>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*leusan</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old English</lang>
                    <orth>*lēosan</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Middle English</lang>
                      <orth>lesen</orth>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>English</lang>
                        <orth>leese</orth>
                      </form>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Scots</lang>
                        <orth>lese, leis</orth>
                      </form>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*leusan</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old High German</lang>
                    <orth>*liosan</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Middle High German</lang>
                      <orth>liesen</orth>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*leusan</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old Saxon</lang>
                    <orth>*liosan</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Middle Low German</lang>
                      <orth>lêsen</orth>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Gothic</lang>
                  <orth>*𐌻𐌹𐌿𐍃𐌰𐌽 (*liusan)</orth>
                </form>
              </item>
            </list>
          </re>
        </entry>
      </div>
    </body>
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