<?xml version='1.0' encoding='UTF-8'?>
<TEI xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" xml:lang="en" version="4.12.0">
  <teiHeader>
    <fileDesc>
      <titleStmt>
        <title type="main">Wurdahuzdą: Proto-Germanic dictionary — *leutaz</title>
        <author>Scott K. Shay</author>
      </titleStmt>
      <publicationStmt>
        <publisher>Wardja Press</publisher>
        <date when="2026-10-01"/>
        <idno type="URL">https://protogermanic.org/pgmc_leutaz</idno>
      </publicationStmt>
      <sourceDesc>
        <p>Single-entry extract from the dictionary. Cross-references to other entries point to their identifiers in the full dictionary.</p>
      </sourceDesc>
    </fileDesc>
  </teiHeader>
  <text>
    <body>
      <list type="cognates">
        <item xml:id="cog_ine-x-proto_lewd" xml:lang="ine-x-proto" type="etymon">
          <orth>*lewd-</orth>
          <def>to duck, crouch, feign, cringe, become small</def>
        </item>
        <item xml:id="cog_lit_liudnas" xml:lang="lit" type="cognate">
          <orth>liū̃dnas</orth>
          <def>sad</def>
        </item>
        <item xml:id="cog_sla-x-proto_lud" xml:lang="sla-x-proto" type="cognate">
          <orth>*lȗdъ</orth>
          <def>crazy, foolish</def>
        </item>
      </list>
      <div type="dictionary">
        <entry xml:id="pgmc_leutaz" type="adj" corresp="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/leutaz">
          <form type="lemma">
            <orth>leutaz</orth>
            <pron notation="ipa">ˈleu̯.tɑz</pron>
            <form type="runic">
              <orth>ᛚᛖᚢᛏᚨᛉ</orth>
            </form>
          </form>
          <gramGrp>
            <pos>adj</pos>
            <gram type="stem">a-stem</gram>
          </gramGrp>
          <sense n="1">
            <def>deceitful, deceptive</def>
          </sense>
          <etym>
            <seg type="p">From Proto-Indo-European <mentioned xml:lang="ine-x-proto" target="#cog_ine-x-proto_lewd"><ref target="#cog_ine-x-proto_lewd">*lewd-</ref></mentioned> (‘to duck, crouch, feign, cringe, become small’). Cognate with Lithuanian <mentioned xml:lang="lit" target="#cog_lit_liudnas"><ref target="#cog_lit_liudnas">liū̃dnas</ref></mentioned> (‘sad’), Proto-Slavic <mentioned xml:lang="sla-x-proto" target="#cog_sla-x-proto_lud"><ref target="#cog_sla-x-proto_lud">*lȗdъ</ref></mentioned> (‘crazy, foolish’).</seg>
          </etym>
          <re type="paradigm">
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #nom #masc #strong">
              <orth>leutaz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #nom #fem #strong">
              <orth>leutō</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #nom #neut #strong">
              <orth>leutą, -at, -atō</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #nom #masc #strong">
              <orth>leutai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #nom #fem #strong">
              <orth>leutôz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #nom #neut #strong">
              <orth>leutō</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #acc #masc #strong">
              <orth>leutanǭ</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #acc #fem #strong">
              <orth>leutǭ</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #acc #neut #strong">
              <orth>leutą, -at, -atō</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #acc #masc #strong">
              <orth>leutanz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #acc #fem #strong">
              <orth>leutōz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #acc #neut #strong">
              <orth>leutō</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #gen #masc #strong">
              <orth>leutas, liutis</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #gen #fem #strong">
              <orth>leutaizōz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #gen #neut #strong">
              <orth>leutas, liutis</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #gen #masc #strong">
              <orth>leutaizǫ̂</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #gen #fem #strong">
              <orth>leutaizǫ̂</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #gen #neut #strong">
              <orth>leutaizǫ̂</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #dat #masc #strong">
              <orth>leutammai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #dat #fem #strong">
              <orth>leutaizōi</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #dat #neut #strong">
              <orth>leutammai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #dat #masc #strong">
              <orth>leutaimaz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #dat #fem #strong">
              <orth>leutaimaz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #dat #neut #strong">
              <orth>leutaimaz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #instr #masc #strong">
              <orth>leutanō</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #instr #fem #strong">
              <orth>leutaizō</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #instr #neut #strong">
              <orth>leutanō</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #instr #masc #strong">
              <orth>leutaimiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #instr #fem #strong">
              <orth>leutaimiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #instr #neut #strong">
              <orth>leutaimiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #nom #masc #weak">
              <orth>leutô</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #nom #fem #weak">
              <orth>leutǭ</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #nom #neut #weak">
              <orth>leutô</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #nom #masc #weak">
              <orth>leutaniz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #nom #fem #weak">
              <orth>leutōniz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #nom #neut #weak">
              <orth>leutōnō</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #acc #masc #weak">
              <orth>leutanų</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #acc #fem #weak">
              <orth>leutōnų</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #acc #neut #weak">
              <orth>leutô</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #acc #masc #weak">
              <orth>leutanunz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #acc #fem #weak">
              <orth>leutōnunz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #acc #neut #weak">
              <orth>leutōnō</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #gen #masc #weak">
              <orth>liutiniz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #gen #fem #weak">
              <orth>leutōniz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #gen #neut #weak">
              <orth>liutiniz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #gen #masc #weak">
              <orth>leutanǫ̂</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #gen #fem #weak">
              <orth>leutōnǫ̂</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #gen #neut #weak">
              <orth>leutanǫ̂</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #dat #masc #weak">
              <orth>liutini</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #dat #fem #weak">
              <orth>leutōni</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #dat #neut #weak">
              <orth>liutini</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #dat #masc #weak">
              <orth>leutammaz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #dat #fem #weak">
              <orth>leutōmaz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #dat #neut #weak">
              <orth>leutammaz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #instr #masc #weak">
              <orth>liutinē</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #instr #fem #weak">
              <orth>leutōnē</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #instr #neut #weak">
              <orth>liutinē</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #instr #masc #weak">
              <orth>leutammiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #instr #fem #weak">
              <orth>leutōmiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #instr #neut #weak">
              <orth>leutammiz</orth>
            </form>
          </re>
          <re type="descendants">
            <list>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*leut</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old Frisian</lang>
                    <orth>liāt</orth>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Old Norse</lang>
                  <orth>ljótr</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Elfdalian</lang>
                    <orth>liuot, liuot-</orth>
                  </form>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Faroese</lang>
                    <orth>ljótur</orth>
                  </form>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Icelandic</lang>
                    <orth>ljótur</orth>
                  </form>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Jamtish</lang>
                    <orth>ljøt</orth>
                  </form>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Norwegian Nynorsk</lang>
                    <orth>ljot</orth>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Gothic</lang>
                  <orth>𐌻𐌹𐌿𐍄𐍃 (liuts)</orth>
                </form>
              </item>
            </list>
          </re>
        </entry>
      </div>
    </body>
  </text>
</TEI>
