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  <teiHeader>
    <fileDesc>
      <titleStmt>
        <title type="main">Wurdahuzdą: Proto-Germanic dictionary — *lewô</title>
        <author>Scott K. Shay</author>
      </titleStmt>
      <publicationStmt>
        <publisher>Wardja Press</publisher>
        <date when="2026-10-02"/>
        <idno type="URL">https://protogermanic.org/pgmc_lewô_2</idno>
      </publicationStmt>
      <sourceDesc>
        <p>Single-entry extract from the dictionary. Cross-references to other entries point to their identifiers in the full dictionary.</p>
      </sourceDesc>
    </fileDesc>
  </teiHeader>
  <text>
    <body>
      <div type="dictionary">
        <entry xml:id="pgmc_lewo_2" type="noun" corresp="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/lewô">
          <form type="lemma">
            <orth>lewô</orth>
            <pron notation="ipa">ˈle.wɔːː</pron>
            <form type="runic">
              <orth>ᛚᛖᚹᛟ</orth>
            </form>
          </form>
          <gramGrp>
            <pos>noun</pos>
            <gram type="gender">masculine</gram>
            <gram type="stem">an-stem</gram>
          </gramGrp>
          <sense n="1">
            <def>lion</def>
          </sense>
          <etym>
            <seg type="p">From Latin leō. This form can be reconstructed from the Gothic and West Germanic forms. Old Norse seems to have re-borrowed the term from a Romance language, and the expected form *lé is not attested. Most West Germanic languages lengthened the first vowel, yielding *lēwō, althought both forms can be reconstructed.</seg>
          </etym>
          <re type="paradigm">
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #nom">
              <orth>lewô</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #nom">
              <orth>lewaniz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #acc">
              <orth>lewanų</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #acc">
              <orth>lewanunz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #gen">
              <orth>liwiniz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #gen">
              <orth>lewanǫ̂</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #dat">
              <orth>liwini</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #dat">
              <orth>lewammaz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #instr">
              <orth>liwinē</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #instr">
              <orth>lewammiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #voc">
              <orth>lewô</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #voc">
              <orth>lewaniz</orth>
            </form>
          </re>
          <re type="descendants">
            <list>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*lewō</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old English</lang>
                    <orth>lēo</orth>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*lewō</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old Dutch</lang>
                    <orth>lēwo</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Middle Dutch</lang>
                      <orth>lêwe</orth>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Limburgish</lang>
                        <orth>lieëf, liew</orth>
                      </form>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>West Flemish</lang>
                        <orth>lêeuw</orth>
                      </form>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*lewō</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old Dutch</lang>
                    <orth>lēwo</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Middle Dutch</lang>
                      <orth>lêwe</orth>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Dutch</lang>
                        <orth>leeuw</orth>
                        <form type="descendant">
                          <lang>Afrikaans</lang>
                          <orth>leeu</orth>
                        </form>
                        <form type="descendant">
                          <lang>Negerhollands</lang>
                          <orth>leeuw</orth>
                        </form>
                        <form type="descendant">
                          <lang>Papiamentu</lang>
                          <orth>leeuw</orth>
                        </form>
                        <form type="descendant">
                          <lang>Sranan Tongo</lang>
                          <orth>lew</orth>
                        </form>
                      </form>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*lewō</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old Frisian</lang>
                    <orth>*lēwa, *lēu, *lāwa, *lāu</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>North Frisian</lang>
                      <orth>lau, lööw</orth>
                    </form>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Saterland Frisian</lang>
                      <orth>Leeuwe</orth>
                    </form>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>West Frisian</lang>
                      <orth>liuw</orth>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*lewō</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old High German</lang>
                    <orth>lewo, lēo</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Middle High German</lang>
                      <orth>lewe, lebe, löuwe</orth>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Alemannic German</lang>
                        <orth>Leew, Löi</orth>
                      </form>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Bavarian</lang>
                        <orth>?</orth>
                      </form>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>East Franconian</lang>
                        <orth>?</orth>
                      </form>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>German</lang>
                        <orth>Löwe</orth>
                      </form>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Kölsch</lang>
                        <orth>Löv</orth>
                      </form>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Yiddish</lang>
                        <orth>לייב (leyb)</orth>
                      </form>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*lewō</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old High German</lang>
                    <orth>lewo, lēo</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Middle High German</lang>
                      <orth>lewe, lebe, löuwe</orth>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Central Franconian</lang>
                        <orth>?</orth>
                        <form type="descendant">
                          <lang>Hunsrik</lang>
                          <orth>Leeb</orth>
                        </form>
                        <form type="descendant">
                          <lang>Luxembourgish</lang>
                          <orth>Léiw</orth>
                        </form>
                      </form>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*lewō</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old High German</lang>
                    <orth>lewo, lēo</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Middle High German</lang>
                      <orth>lewe, lebe, löuwe</orth>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>East Central German</lang>
                        <orth>?</orth>
                        <form type="descendant">
                          <lang>Upper Saxon German</lang>
                          <orth>?</orth>
                        </form>
                        <form type="descendant">
                          <lang>Vilamovian</lang>
                          <orth>ływ</orth>
                        </form>
                      </form>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*lewō</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old High German</lang>
                    <orth>lewo, lēo</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Middle High German</lang>
                      <orth>lewe, lebe, löuwe</orth>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Rhine Franconian</lang>
                        <orth>Leeb</orth>
                        <form type="descendant">
                          <lang>Pennsylvania German</lang>
                          <orth>Leeb</orth>
                        </form>
                      </form>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*lewō</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old Saxon</lang>
                    <orth>*lewo, *lēwo, *lēo, *lāwo, *lāo</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Middle Low German</lang>
                      <orth>löuwe, lowe, lou, löe, louwe, lauwe, lewe, leuwe</orth>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Estonian</lang>
                        <orth>lõvi</orth>
                      </form>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Faroese</lang>
                        <orth>leyva, løva</orth>
                      </form>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Latgalian</lang>
                        <orth>ļovs</orth>
                      </form>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*lewō</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old Saxon</lang>
                    <orth>*lewo, *lēwo, *lēo, *lāwo, *lāo</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Middle Low German</lang>
                      <orth>löuwe, lowe, lou, löe, louwe, lauwe, lewe, leuwe</orth>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Danish</lang>
                        <orth>løve</orth>
                        <form type="descendant">
                          <lang>Greenlandic</lang>
                          <orth>løveq</orth>
                        </form>
                      </form>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*lewō</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old Saxon</lang>
                    <orth>*lewo, *lēwo, *lēo, *lāwo, *lāo</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Middle Low German</lang>
                      <orth>löuwe, lowe, lou, löe, louwe, lauwe, lewe, leuwe</orth>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>German Low German</lang>
                        <orth>?</orth>
                        <form type="descendant">
                          <lang>Low Prussian</lang>
                          <orth>Lau</orth>
                        </form>
                        <form type="descendant">
                          <lang>Plautdietsch</lang>
                          <orth>Leiw</orth>
                        </form>
                      </form>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*lewō</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old Saxon</lang>
                    <orth>*lewo, *lēwo, *lēo, *lāwo, *lāo</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Middle Low German</lang>
                      <orth>löuwe, lowe, lou, löe, louwe, lauwe, lewe, leuwe</orth>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>German Low German</lang>
                        <orth>?</orth>
                        <form type="descendant">
                          <lang>Westphalian</lang>
                          <orth>?</orth>
                          <form type="descendant">
                            <lang>East Westphalian</lang>
                            <orth>Löwen, Lȫwe</orth>
                          </form>
                          <form type="descendant">
                            <lang>Sauerländisch</lang>
                            <orth>Loiwe, Loibe, Löwe, Löüwe</orth>
                          </form>
                        </form>
                      </form>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*lewō</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old Saxon</lang>
                    <orth>*lewo, *lēwo, *lēo, *lāwo, *lāo</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Middle Low German</lang>
                      <orth>löuwe, lowe, lou, löe, louwe, lauwe, lewe, leuwe</orth>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Latvian</lang>
                        <orth>lauva</orth>
                        <form type="descendant">
                          <lang>Livonian</lang>
                          <orth>louv</orth>
                        </form>
                      </form>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*lewō</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old Saxon</lang>
                    <orth>*lewo, *lēwo, *lēo, *lāwo, *lāo</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Middle Low German</lang>
                      <orth>löuwe, lowe, lou, löe, louwe, lauwe, lewe, leuwe</orth>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Norwegian</lang>
                        <orth>?</orth>
                        <form type="descendant">
                          <lang>Norwegian Bokmål</lang>
                          <orth>løve</orth>
                        </form>
                      </form>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*lēwō</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old English</lang>
                    <orth>lēo</orth>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*lēwō</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old Dutch</lang>
                    <orth>lēwo</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Middle Dutch</lang>
                      <orth>lêwe</orth>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Limburgish</lang>
                        <orth>lieëf, liew</orth>
                      </form>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>West Flemish</lang>
                        <orth>lêeuw</orth>
                      </form>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*lēwō</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old Dutch</lang>
                    <orth>lēwo</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Middle Dutch</lang>
                      <orth>lêwe</orth>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Dutch</lang>
                        <orth>leeuw</orth>
                        <form type="descendant">
                          <lang>Afrikaans</lang>
                          <orth>leeu</orth>
                        </form>
                        <form type="descendant">
                          <lang>Negerhollands</lang>
                          <orth>leeuw</orth>
                        </form>
                        <form type="descendant">
                          <lang>Papiamentu</lang>
                          <orth>leeuw</orth>
                        </form>
                        <form type="descendant">
                          <lang>Sranan Tongo</lang>
                          <orth>lew</orth>
                        </form>
                      </form>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*lēwō</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old Frisian</lang>
                    <orth>*lēwa, *lēu, *lāwa, *lāu</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>North Frisian</lang>
                      <orth>lau, lööw</orth>
                    </form>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Saterland Frisian</lang>
                      <orth>Leeuwe</orth>
                    </form>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>West Frisian</lang>
                      <orth>liuw</orth>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*lēwō</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old High German</lang>
                    <orth>lewo, lēo</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Middle High German</lang>
                      <orth>lewe, lebe, löuwe</orth>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Alemannic German</lang>
                        <orth>Leew, Löi</orth>
                      </form>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Bavarian</lang>
                        <orth>?</orth>
                      </form>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>East Franconian</lang>
                        <orth>?</orth>
                      </form>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>German</lang>
                        <orth>Löwe</orth>
                      </form>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Kölsch</lang>
                        <orth>Löv</orth>
                      </form>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Yiddish</lang>
                        <orth>לייב (leyb)</orth>
                      </form>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*lēwō</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old High German</lang>
                    <orth>lewo, lēo</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Middle High German</lang>
                      <orth>lewe, lebe, löuwe</orth>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Central Franconian</lang>
                        <orth>?</orth>
                        <form type="descendant">
                          <lang>Hunsrik</lang>
                          <orth>Leeb</orth>
                        </form>
                        <form type="descendant">
                          <lang>Luxembourgish</lang>
                          <orth>Léiw</orth>
                        </form>
                      </form>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*lēwō</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old High German</lang>
                    <orth>lewo, lēo</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Middle High German</lang>
                      <orth>lewe, lebe, löuwe</orth>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>East Central German</lang>
                        <orth>?</orth>
                        <form type="descendant">
                          <lang>Upper Saxon German</lang>
                          <orth>?</orth>
                        </form>
                        <form type="descendant">
                          <lang>Vilamovian</lang>
                          <orth>ływ</orth>
                        </form>
                      </form>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*lēwō</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old High German</lang>
                    <orth>lewo, lēo</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Middle High German</lang>
                      <orth>lewe, lebe, löuwe</orth>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Rhine Franconian</lang>
                        <orth>Leeb</orth>
                        <form type="descendant">
                          <lang>Pennsylvania German</lang>
                          <orth>Leeb</orth>
                        </form>
                      </form>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*lēwō</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old Saxon</lang>
                    <orth>*lewo, *lēwo, *lēo, *lāwo, *lāo</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Middle Low German</lang>
                      <orth>löuwe, lowe, lou, löe, louwe, lauwe, lewe, leuwe</orth>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Estonian</lang>
                        <orth>lõvi</orth>
                      </form>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Faroese</lang>
                        <orth>leyva, løva</orth>
                      </form>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Latgalian</lang>
                        <orth>ļovs</orth>
                      </form>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*lēwō</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old Saxon</lang>
                    <orth>*lewo, *lēwo, *lēo, *lāwo, *lāo</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Middle Low German</lang>
                      <orth>löuwe, lowe, lou, löe, louwe, lauwe, lewe, leuwe</orth>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Danish</lang>
                        <orth>løve</orth>
                        <form type="descendant">
                          <lang>Greenlandic</lang>
                          <orth>løveq</orth>
                        </form>
                      </form>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*lēwō</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old Saxon</lang>
                    <orth>*lewo, *lēwo, *lēo, *lāwo, *lāo</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Middle Low German</lang>
                      <orth>löuwe, lowe, lou, löe, louwe, lauwe, lewe, leuwe</orth>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>German Low German</lang>
                        <orth>?</orth>
                        <form type="descendant">
                          <lang>Low Prussian</lang>
                          <orth>Lau</orth>
                        </form>
                        <form type="descendant">
                          <lang>Plautdietsch</lang>
                          <orth>Leiw</orth>
                        </form>
                      </form>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*lēwō</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old Saxon</lang>
                    <orth>*lewo, *lēwo, *lēo, *lāwo, *lāo</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Middle Low German</lang>
                      <orth>löuwe, lowe, lou, löe, louwe, lauwe, lewe, leuwe</orth>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>German Low German</lang>
                        <orth>?</orth>
                        <form type="descendant">
                          <lang>Westphalian</lang>
                          <orth>?</orth>
                          <form type="descendant">
                            <lang>East Westphalian</lang>
                            <orth>Löwen, Lȫwe</orth>
                          </form>
                          <form type="descendant">
                            <lang>Sauerländisch</lang>
                            <orth>Loiwe, Loibe, Löwe, Löüwe</orth>
                          </form>
                        </form>
                      </form>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*lēwō</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old Saxon</lang>
                    <orth>*lewo, *lēwo, *lēo, *lāwo, *lāo</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Middle Low German</lang>
                      <orth>löuwe, lowe, lou, löe, louwe, lauwe, lewe, leuwe</orth>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Latvian</lang>
                        <orth>lauva</orth>
                        <form type="descendant">
                          <lang>Livonian</lang>
                          <orth>louv</orth>
                        </form>
                      </form>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*lēwō</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old Saxon</lang>
                    <orth>*lewo, *lēwo, *lēo, *lāwo, *lāo</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Middle Low German</lang>
                      <orth>löuwe, lowe, lou, löe, louwe, lauwe, lewe, leuwe</orth>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Norwegian</lang>
                        <orth>?</orth>
                        <form type="descendant">
                          <lang>Norwegian Bokmål</lang>
                          <orth>løve</orth>
                        </form>
                      </form>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Gothic</lang>
                  <orth>𐌻𐌰𐌹𐍅𐌰 (laiwa)</orth>
                </form>
              </item>
            </list>
          </re>
        </entry>
      </div>
    </body>
  </text>
</TEI>
