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    <fileDesc>
      <titleStmt>
        <title type="main">Wurdahuzdą: Proto-Germanic dictionary — *ligjaną</title>
        <author>Scott K. Shay</author>
      </titleStmt>
      <publicationStmt>
        <publisher>Wardja Press</publisher>
        <date when="2026-10-02"/>
        <idno type="URL">https://protogermanic.org/pgmc_ligjaną</idno>
      </publicationStmt>
      <sourceDesc>
        <p>Single-entry extract from the dictionary. Cross-references to other entries point to their identifiers in the full dictionary.</p>
      </sourceDesc>
    </fileDesc>
  </teiHeader>
  <text>
    <body>
      <div type="dictionary">
        <entry xml:id="pgmc_ligjana" type="verb" corresp="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/ligjaną">
          <form type="lemma">
            <orth>ligjaną</orth>
            <pron notation="ipa">ˈliɣ.jɑ.nɑ̃</pron>
            <form type="runic">
              <orth>ᛚᛁᚷᛃᚨᚾᚨ</orth>
            </form>
          </form>
          <gramGrp>
            <pos>verb</pos>
            <gram type="class">Weak class 1</gram>
          </gramGrp>
          <sense n="1">
            <def>to lie, to rest (on a surface)</def>
          </sense>
          <sense n="2">
            <def>to lead (e.g. of a road)</def>
          </sense>
          <etym>
            <seg type="p">From Proto-Indo-European *légʰyeti, from *legʰ- (‘to lie’).</seg>
          </etym>
          <re type="paradigm">
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #act #p1 #sg">
              <orth>ligjō</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #act #p1 #sg">
              <orth>ligjaų</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #pass #p1 #sg">
              <orth>ligjai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #act #p2 #sg">
              <orth>ligisi</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #act #p2 #sg">
              <orth>ligjais</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #imper #act #p2 #sg">
              <orth>ligi</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #pass #p2 #sg">
              <orth>ligjasai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #pass #p2 #sg">
              <orth>ligjaisau</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #act #p3 #sg">
              <orth>ligiþi</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #act #p3 #sg">
              <orth>ligjai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #imper #act #p3 #sg">
              <orth>ligjaþau</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #pass #p3 #sg">
              <orth>ligjaþai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #pass #p3 #sg">
              <orth>ligjaiþau</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #act #p1 #du">
              <orth>ligjōs</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #act #p1 #du">
              <orth>ligjaiw</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #act #p2 #du">
              <orth>ligjaþiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #act #p2 #du">
              <orth>ligjaiþiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #imper #act #p2 #du">
              <orth>ligjaþiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #act #p1 #pl">
              <orth>ligjamaz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #act #p1 #pl">
              <orth>ligjaim</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #pass #p1 #pl">
              <orth>ligjanþai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #pass #p1 #pl">
              <orth>ligjainþau</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #act #p2 #pl">
              <orth>ligiþ</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #act #p2 #pl">
              <orth>ligjaiþ</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #imper #act #p2 #pl">
              <orth>ligiþ</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #pass #p2 #pl">
              <orth>ligjanþai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #pass #p2 #pl">
              <orth>ligjainþau</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #act #p3 #pl">
              <orth>ligjanþi</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #act #p3 #pl">
              <orth>ligjain</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #imper #act #p3 #pl">
              <orth>ligjanþau</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #pass #p3 #pl">
              <orth>ligjanþai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #pass #p3 #pl">
              <orth>ligjainþau</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #ind #p1 #sg">
              <orth>lag</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #subj #p1 #sg">
              <orth>lēgį̄</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #ind #p2 #sg">
              <orth>laht</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #subj #p2 #sg">
              <orth>lēgīz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #ind #p3 #sg">
              <orth>lag</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #subj #p3 #sg">
              <orth>lēgī</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #ind #p1 #du">
              <orth>lēgū</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #subj #p1 #du">
              <orth>lēgīw</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #ind #p2 #du">
              <orth>lēgudiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #subj #p2 #du">
              <orth>lēgīdiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #ind #p1 #pl">
              <orth>lēgum</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #subj #p1 #pl">
              <orth>lēgīm</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #ind #p2 #pl">
              <orth>lēgud</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #subj #p2 #pl">
              <orth>lēgīd</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #ind #p3 #pl">
              <orth>lēgun</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #subj #p3 #pl">
              <orth>lēgīn</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="participle" subtype="present">
              <orth>ligjandz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="participle" subtype="past">
              <orth>leganaz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="infinitive">
              <orth>ligjaną</orth>
            </form>
          </re>
          <re type="descendants">
            <list>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*liggjan</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old Dutch</lang>
                    <orth>liggen</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Middle Dutch</lang>
                      <orth>liggen</orth>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Limburgish</lang>
                        <orth>ligke</orth>
                      </form>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*liggjan</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old Dutch</lang>
                    <orth>liggen</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Middle Dutch</lang>
                      <orth>liggen</orth>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Dutch</lang>
                        <orth>liggen</orth>
                        <form type="descendant">
                          <lang>Afrikaans</lang>
                          <orth>lê</orth>
                        </form>
                        <form type="descendant">
                          <lang>Jersey Dutch</lang>
                          <orth>lixxe</orth>
                        </form>
                        <form type="descendant">
                          <lang>Negerhollands</lang>
                          <orth>lee, lei, lej</orth>
                        </form>
                        <form type="descendant">
                          <lang>Papiamentu</lang>
                          <orth>lèg</orth>
                        </form>
                      </form>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*liggjan</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old English</lang>
                    <orth>liċġan</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Middle English</lang>
                      <orth>lien</orth>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>English</lang>
                        <orth>lie, lig</orth>
                      </form>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Scots</lang>
                        <orth>lie</orth>
                      </form>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Yola</lang>
                        <orth>lee, lidge</orth>
                      </form>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*liggjan</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old Frisian</lang>
                    <orth>lidza</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Saterland Frisian</lang>
                      <orth>läze, lääse</orth>
                    </form>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>West Frisian</lang>
                      <orth>lizze</orth>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*liggjan</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old High German</lang>
                    <orth>ligen, liggen, licken</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Middle High German</lang>
                      <orth>ligen, licken</orth>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Alemannic German</lang>
                        <orth>ligge</orth>
                      </form>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Central Franconian</lang>
                        <orth>lijje</orth>
                      </form>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>German</lang>
                        <orth>liegen, licken</orth>
                      </form>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Luxembourgish</lang>
                        <orth>leien</orth>
                      </form>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Yiddish</lang>
                        <orth>ליגן (lign)</orth>
                      </form>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*liggjan</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old Saxon</lang>
                    <orth>liggian</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Middle Low German</lang>
                      <orth>liggen</orth>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Low German</lang>
                        <orth>liggen</orth>
                        <form type="descendant">
                          <lang>Dutch Low Saxon</lang>
                          <orth>liggen</orth>
                        </form>
                        <form type="descendant">
                          <lang>German Low German</lang>
                          <orth>liggen</orth>
                        </form>
                      </form>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Old Norse</lang>
                  <orth>liggja</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Elfdalian</lang>
                    <orth>ligga</orth>
                  </form>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Faroese</lang>
                    <orth>liggja</orth>
                  </form>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Icelandic</lang>
                    <orth>liggja</orth>
                  </form>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Norwegian Nynorsk</lang>
                    <orth>liggja</orth>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Old Norse</lang>
                  <orth>liggja</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old Danish</lang>
                    <orth>liggæ, liggiæ</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Scanian</lang>
                      <orth>ligga</orth>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Old Norse</lang>
                  <orth>liggja</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old Danish</lang>
                    <orth>liggæ, liggiæ</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Danish</lang>
                      <orth>ligge</orth>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Norwegian Bokmål</lang>
                        <orth>ligge</orth>
                        <form type="descendant">
                          <lang>Norwegian Nynorsk</lang>
                          <orth>ligga</orth>
                        </form>
                      </form>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Old Norse</lang>
                  <orth>liggja</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old Gutnish</lang>
                    <orth>liggia</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Gutnish</lang>
                      <orth>ligge</orth>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Old Norse</lang>
                  <orth>liggja</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old Swedish</lang>
                    <orth>liggia</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Swedish</lang>
                      <orth>ligga</orth>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Gothic</lang>
                  <orth>𐌻𐌹𐌲𐌰𐌽 (ligan)</orth>
                </form>
              </item>
            </list>
          </re>
        </entry>
      </div>
    </body>
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