<?xml version='1.0' encoding='UTF-8'?>
<TEI xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" xml:lang="en" version="4.12.0">
  <teiHeader>
    <fileDesc>
      <titleStmt>
        <title type="main">Wurdahuzdą: Proto-Germanic dictionary — *limpaną</title>
        <author>Scott K. Shay</author>
      </titleStmt>
      <publicationStmt>
        <publisher>Wardja Press</publisher>
        <date when="2026-10-01"/>
        <idno type="URL">https://protogermanic.org/pgmc_limpaną</idno>
      </publicationStmt>
      <sourceDesc>
        <p>Single-entry extract from the dictionary. Cross-references to other entries point to their identifiers in the full dictionary.</p>
      </sourceDesc>
    </fileDesc>
  </teiHeader>
  <text>
    <body>
      <list type="cognates">
        <item xml:id="cog_san_lamb" xml:lang="san" type="cognate">
          <orth>लम्ब्</orth>
          <form type="translit">
            <orth>lamb</orth>
          </form>
        </item>
        <item xml:id="cog_xto_lam" xml:lang="xto" type="cognate">
          <orth>läm-</orth>
          <def>to sit, remain</def>
        </item>
        <item xml:id="cog_ine-x-proto_s_lembh" xml:lang="ine-x-proto" type="etymon">
          <orth>*(s)lembʰ-</orth>
        </item>
      </list>
      <div type="dictionary">
        <entry xml:id="pgmc_limpana" type="verb" corresp="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/limpaną">
          <form type="lemma">
            <orth>limpaną</orth>
            <pron notation="ipa">ˈlim.pɑ.nɑ̃</pron>
            <form type="runic">
              <orth>ᛚᛁᛗᛈᚨᚾᚨ</orth>
            </form>
          </form>
          <gramGrp>
            <pos>verb</pos>
            <gram type="class">Strong class 3</gram>
          </gramGrp>
          <sense n="1">
            <def>to glide</def>
          </sense>
          <sense n="2">
            <def>to go</def>
          </sense>
          <sense n="3">
            <def>to suit, fit</def>
          </sense>
          <sense n="4">
            <def>to happen</def>
          </sense>
          <etym>
            <seg type="p">From Proto-Indo-European <mentioned xml:lang="ine-x-proto" target="#cog_ine-x-proto_s_lembh"><ref target="#cog_ine-x-proto_s_lembh">*(s)lembʰ-</ref></mentioned> (‘to hang limply’), which Pfeifer appears to consider a nasalized extension of *leb- (‘to hang loosely; lip’). Compare Tocharian A <mentioned xml:lang="xto" target="#cog_xto_lam"><ref target="#cog_xto_lam">läm-</ref></mentioned> (‘to sit, remain’), Sanskrit <mentioned xml:lang="san" target="#cog_san_lamb"><ref target="#cog_san_lamb">लम्ब्</ref></mentioned> (lamb), रम्ब् (ramb, ‘to hang down’).</seg>
          </etym>
          <re type="paradigm">
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #act #p1 #sg">
              <orth>limpō</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #act #p1 #sg">
              <orth>limpaų</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #pass #p1 #sg">
              <orth>limpai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #act #p2 #sg">
              <orth>limpizi</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #act #p2 #sg">
              <orth>limpaiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #imper #act #p2 #sg">
              <orth>limp</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #pass #p2 #sg">
              <orth>limpazai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #pass #p2 #sg">
              <orth>limpaizau</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #act #p3 #sg">
              <orth>limpidi</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #act #p3 #sg">
              <orth>limpai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #imper #act #p3 #sg">
              <orth>limpadau</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #pass #p3 #sg">
              <orth>limpadai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #pass #p3 #sg">
              <orth>limpaidau</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #act #p1 #du">
              <orth>limpōz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #act #p1 #du">
              <orth>limpaiw</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #act #p2 #du">
              <orth>limpadiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #act #p2 #du">
              <orth>limpaidiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #imper #act #p2 #du">
              <orth>limpadiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #act #p1 #pl">
              <orth>limpamaz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #act #p1 #pl">
              <orth>limpaim</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #pass #p1 #pl">
              <orth>limpandai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #pass #p1 #pl">
              <orth>limpaindau</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #act #p2 #pl">
              <orth>limpid</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #act #p2 #pl">
              <orth>limpaid</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #imper #act #p2 #pl">
              <orth>limpid</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #pass #p2 #pl">
              <orth>limpandai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #pass #p2 #pl">
              <orth>limpaindau</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #act #p3 #pl">
              <orth>limpandi</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #act #p3 #pl">
              <orth>limpain</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #imper #act #p3 #pl">
              <orth>limpandau</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #pass #p3 #pl">
              <orth>limpandai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #pass #p3 #pl">
              <orth>limpaindau</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #ind #p1 #sg">
              <orth>lamp</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #subj #p1 #sg">
              <orth>lumpį̄</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #ind #p2 #sg">
              <orth>lamft</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #subj #p2 #sg">
              <orth>lumpīz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #ind #p3 #sg">
              <orth>lamp</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #subj #p3 #sg">
              <orth>lumpī</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #ind #p1 #du">
              <orth>lumpū</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #subj #p1 #du">
              <orth>lumpīw</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #ind #p2 #du">
              <orth>lumpudiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #subj #p2 #du">
              <orth>lumpīdiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #ind #p1 #pl">
              <orth>lumpum</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #subj #p1 #pl">
              <orth>lumpīm</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #ind #p2 #pl">
              <orth>lumpud</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #subj #p2 #pl">
              <orth>lumpīd</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #ind #p3 #pl">
              <orth>lumpun</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #subj #p3 #pl">
              <orth>lumpīn</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="participle" subtype="present">
              <orth>limpandz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="participle" subtype="past">
              <orth>lumpanaz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="infinitive">
              <orth>limpaną</orth>
            </form>
          </re>
          <re type="descendants">
            <list>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*limpan</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old Frisian</lang>
                    <orth>limpa</orth>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*limpan</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old English</lang>
                    <orth>limpan</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Middle English</lang>
                      <orth>lympen, limpen</orth>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>English</lang>
                        <orth>limp</orth>
                      </form>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Scots</lang>
                        <orth>limp</orth>
                      </form>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*limpan</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old High German</lang>
                    <orth>limpfan, limphan</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Middle High German</lang>
                      <orth>limpfen, limfen</orth>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*limpan</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old Saxon</lang>
                    <orth>limpan</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Middle Low German</lang>
                      <orth>limpen</orth>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Low German</lang>
                        <orth>limpen, gelimpen</orth>
                      </form>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Old Norse</lang>
                  <orth>limpa</orth>
                </form>
              </item>
            </list>
          </re>
        </entry>
      </div>
    </body>
  </text>
</TEI>
