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    <fileDesc>
      <titleStmt>
        <title type="main">Wurdahuzdą: Proto-Germanic dictionary — *lingwaną</title>
        <author>Scott K. Shay</author>
      </titleStmt>
      <publicationStmt>
        <publisher>Wardja Press</publisher>
        <date when="2026-10-01"/>
        <idno type="URL">https://protogermanic.org/pgmc_lingwaną</idno>
      </publicationStmt>
      <sourceDesc>
        <p>Single-entry extract from the dictionary. Cross-references to other entries point to their identifiers in the full dictionary.</p>
      </sourceDesc>
    </fileDesc>
  </teiHeader>
  <text>
    <body>
      <list type="cognates">
        <item xml:id="cog_ine-x-proto_h1lengwh" xml:lang="ine-x-proto" type="etymon">
          <orth>*h₁lengʷʰ-</orth>
          <def>lightweight; swift</def>
        </item>
      </list>
      <div type="dictionary">
        <entry xml:id="pgmc_lingwana" type="verb" corresp="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/lingwaną">
          <form type="lemma">
            <orth>lingwaną</orth>
            <pron notation="ipa">ˈliŋʷ.ɡʷɑ.nɑ̃</pron>
            <form type="runic">
              <orth>ᛚᛁᚾᚷᚹᚨᚾᚨ</orth>
            </form>
          </form>
          <gramGrp>
            <pos>verb</pos>
            <gram type="class">Strong class 3</gram>
          </gramGrp>
          <sense n="1">
            <def>to make progress, succeed</def>
          </sense>
          <etym>
            <seg type="p">From Proto-Indo-European <mentioned xml:lang="ine-x-proto" target="#cog_ine-x-proto_h1lengwh"><ref target="#cog_ine-x-proto_h1lengwh">*h₁lengʷʰ-</ref></mentioned> (‘lightweight; swift’).</seg>
          </etym>
          <re type="paradigm">
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #act #p1 #sg">
              <orth>lingwō</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #act #p1 #sg">
              <orth>lingwaų</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #pass #p1 #sg">
              <orth>lingwai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #act #p2 #sg">
              <orth>lingwizi</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #act #p2 #sg">
              <orth>lingwaiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #imper #act #p2 #sg">
              <orth>lingw</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #pass #p2 #sg">
              <orth>lingwazai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #pass #p2 #sg">
              <orth>lingwaizau</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #act #p3 #sg">
              <orth>lingwidi</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #act #p3 #sg">
              <orth>lingwai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #imper #act #p3 #sg">
              <orth>lingwadau</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #pass #p3 #sg">
              <orth>lingwadai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #pass #p3 #sg">
              <orth>lingwaidau</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #act #p1 #du">
              <orth>lingwōz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #act #p1 #du">
              <orth>lingwaiw</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #act #p2 #du">
              <orth>lingwadiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #act #p2 #du">
              <orth>lingwaidiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #imper #act #p2 #du">
              <orth>lingwadiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #act #p1 #pl">
              <orth>lingwamaz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #act #p1 #pl">
              <orth>lingwaim</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #pass #p1 #pl">
              <orth>lingwandai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #pass #p1 #pl">
              <orth>lingwaindau</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #act #p2 #pl">
              <orth>lingwid</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #act #p2 #pl">
              <orth>lingwaid</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #imper #act #p2 #pl">
              <orth>lingwid</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #pass #p2 #pl">
              <orth>lingwandai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #pass #p2 #pl">
              <orth>lingwaindau</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #act #p3 #pl">
              <orth>lingwandi</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #act #p3 #pl">
              <orth>lingwain</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #imper #act #p3 #pl">
              <orth>lingwandau</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #pass #p3 #pl">
              <orth>lingwandai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #pass #p3 #pl">
              <orth>lingwaindau</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #ind #p1 #sg">
              <orth>langw</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #subj #p1 #sg">
              <orth>lungį̄</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #ind #p2 #sg">
              <orth>lanht</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #subj #p2 #sg">
              <orth>lungīz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #ind #p3 #sg">
              <orth>langw</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #subj #p3 #sg">
              <orth>lungī</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #ind #p1 #du">
              <orth>lungū</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #subj #p1 #du">
              <orth>lungīw</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #ind #p2 #du">
              <orth>lungudiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #subj #p2 #du">
              <orth>lungīdiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #ind #p1 #pl">
              <orth>lungum</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #subj #p1 #pl">
              <orth>lungīm</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #ind #p2 #pl">
              <orth>lungud</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #subj #p2 #pl">
              <orth>lungīd</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #ind #p3 #pl">
              <orth>lungun</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #subj #p3 #pl">
              <orth>lungīn</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="participle" subtype="present">
              <orth>lingwandz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="participle" subtype="past">
              <orth>lunganaz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="infinitive">
              <orth>lingwaną</orth>
            </form>
          </re>
          <re type="descendants">
            <list>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*lingwan</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old High German</lang>
                    <orth>lingan</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Middle High German</lang>
                      <orth>lingen</orth>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>German</lang>
                        <orth>lingen</orth>
                      </form>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*lingwan</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old Saxon</lang>
                    <orth>*lingan</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Middle Low German</lang>
                      <orth>lingen</orth>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>German Low German</lang>
                        <orth>lingen</orth>
                      </form>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*lingwan</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                    <orth>*galingwan</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Old Dutch</lang>
                      <orth>*gilingan</orth>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Middle Dutch</lang>
                        <orth>gelingen</orth>
                        <form type="descendant">
                          <lang>Dutch</lang>
                          <orth>gelingen</orth>
                        </form>
                      </form>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*lingwan</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                    <orth>*galingwan</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Old High German</lang>
                      <orth>gilingan</orth>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Middle High German</lang>
                        <orth>gelingen</orth>
                        <form type="descendant">
                          <lang>German</lang>
                          <orth>gelingen</orth>
                        </form>
                        <form type="descendant">
                          <lang>Luxembourgish</lang>
                          <orth>geléngen</orth>
                        </form>
                        <form type="descendant">
                          <lang>Yiddish</lang>
                          <orth>געלינגען (gelingen)</orth>
                        </form>
                      </form>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*lingwan</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                    <orth>*galingwan</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Old Saxon</lang>
                      <orth>*gilingan</orth>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Middle Low German</lang>
                        <orth>gelingen</orth>
                      </form>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
            </list>
          </re>
        </entry>
      </div>
    </body>
  </text>
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