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  <teiHeader>
    <fileDesc>
      <titleStmt>
        <title type="main">Wurdahuzdą: Proto-Germanic dictionary — *luftijaną</title>
        <author>Scott K. Shay</author>
      </titleStmt>
      <publicationStmt>
        <publisher>Wardja Press</publisher>
        <date when="2026-10-02"/>
        <idno type="URL">https://protogermanic.org/pgmc_luftijaną</idno>
      </publicationStmt>
      <sourceDesc>
        <p>Single-entry extract from the dictionary. Cross-references to other entries point to their identifiers in the full dictionary.</p>
      </sourceDesc>
    </fileDesc>
  </teiHeader>
  <text>
    <body>
      <list type="cognates">
        <item xml:id="cog_ine-x-proto_lewp" xml:lang="ine-x-proto" type="etymon">
          <orth>*lewp-</orth>
          <def>to flake off, peel, damage</def>
        </item>
      </list>
      <div type="dictionary">
        <entry xml:id="pgmc_luftijana" type="verb" corresp="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/luftijaną">
          <form type="lemma">
            <orth>luftijaną</orth>
            <pron notation="ipa">ˈluɸ.ti.jɑ.nɑ̃</pron>
            <form type="runic">
              <orth>ᛚᚢᚠᛏᛁᛃᚨᚾᚨ</orth>
            </form>
          </form>
          <gramGrp>
            <pos>verb</pos>
            <gram type="class">Weak class 1</gram>
          </gramGrp>
          <sense n="1">
            <def>to air; put or raise into the air; raise aloft; elevate; lift</def>
          </sense>
          <etym>
            <seg type="p">From Proto-Indo-European <mentioned xml:lang="ine-x-proto" target="#cog_ine-x-proto_lewp"><ref target="#cog_ine-x-proto_lewp">*lewp-</ref></mentioned> (‘to flake off, peel, damage’). Equivalent to *luftuz (‘air’) + *-janą.</seg>
          </etym>
          <re type="paradigm">
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #act #p1 #sg">
              <orth>luftijō</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #act #p1 #sg">
              <orth>luftijaų</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #pass #p1 #sg">
              <orth>luftijai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #act #p2 #sg">
              <orth>luftīsi</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #act #p2 #sg">
              <orth>luftijais</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #imper #act #p2 #sg">
              <orth>luftī</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #pass #p2 #sg">
              <orth>luftijasai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #pass #p2 #sg">
              <orth>luftijaisau</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #act #p3 #sg">
              <orth>luftīþi</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #act #p3 #sg">
              <orth>luftijai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #imper #act #p3 #sg">
              <orth>luftijaþau</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #pass #p3 #sg">
              <orth>luftijaþai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #pass #p3 #sg">
              <orth>luftijaiþau</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #act #p1 #du">
              <orth>luftijōs</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #act #p1 #du">
              <orth>luftijaiw</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #act #p2 #du">
              <orth>luftijaþiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #act #p2 #du">
              <orth>luftijaiþiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #imper #act #p2 #du">
              <orth>luftijaþiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #act #p1 #pl">
              <orth>luftijamaz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #act #p1 #pl">
              <orth>luftijaim</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #pass #p1 #pl">
              <orth>luftijanþai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #pass #p1 #pl">
              <orth>luftijainþau</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #act #p2 #pl">
              <orth>luftīþ</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #act #p2 #pl">
              <orth>luftijaiþ</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #imper #act #p2 #pl">
              <orth>luftīþ</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #pass #p2 #pl">
              <orth>luftijanþai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #pass #p2 #pl">
              <orth>luftijainþau</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #act #p3 #pl">
              <orth>luftijanþi</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #act #p3 #pl">
              <orth>luftijain</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #imper #act #p3 #pl">
              <orth>luftijanþau</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #pass #p3 #pl">
              <orth>luftijanþai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #pass #p3 #pl">
              <orth>luftijainþau</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #ind #p1 #sg">
              <orth>luftidǭ</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #subj #p1 #sg">
              <orth>luftidēdį̄</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #ind #p2 #sg">
              <orth>luftidēz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #subj #p2 #sg">
              <orth>luftidēdīz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #ind #p3 #sg">
              <orth>luftidē</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #subj #p3 #sg">
              <orth>luftidēdī</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #ind #p1 #du">
              <orth>luftidēdū</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #subj #p1 #du">
              <orth>luftidēdīw</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #ind #p2 #du">
              <orth>luftidēdudiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #subj #p2 #du">
              <orth>luftidēdīdiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #ind #p1 #pl">
              <orth>luftidēdum</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #subj #p1 #pl">
              <orth>luftidēdīm</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #ind #p2 #pl">
              <orth>luftidēdud</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #subj #p2 #pl">
              <orth>luftidēdīd</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #ind #p3 #pl">
              <orth>luftidēdun</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #subj #p3 #pl">
              <orth>luftidēdīn</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="participle" subtype="present">
              <orth>luftijandz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="participle" subtype="past">
              <orth>luftidaz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="infinitive">
              <orth>luftijaną</orth>
            </form>
          </re>
          <re type="descendants">
            <list>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*luftijan</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old Dutch</lang>
                    <orth>*luften</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Middle Dutch</lang>
                      <orth>luchten</orth>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Dutch</lang>
                        <orth>luchten</orth>
                        <form type="descendant">
                          <lang>West Frisian</lang>
                          <orth>luchte, luchtsje</orth>
                        </form>
                      </form>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*luftijan</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old High German</lang>
                    <orth>*luften</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Middle High German</lang>
                      <orth>lüften</orth>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Luxembourgish</lang>
                        <orth>lëften</orth>
                      </form>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*luftijan</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old High German</lang>
                    <orth>*luften</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Middle High German</lang>
                      <orth>lüften</orth>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>German</lang>
                        <orth>lüften</orth>
                        <form type="descendant">
                          <lang>Saterland Frisian</lang>
                          <orth>lüftje</orth>
                        </form>
                      </form>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*luftijan</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old Saxon</lang>
                    <orth>*luftian</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Middle Low German</lang>
                      <orth>lüchten</orth>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>German Low German</lang>
                        <orth>luchten, lüchten, lichten</orth>
                        <form type="descendant">
                          <lang>German</lang>
                          <orth>lichten</orth>
                        </form>
                      </form>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Old Norse</lang>
                  <orth>lypta</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Danish</lang>
                    <orth>løfte</orth>
                  </form>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Faroese</lang>
                    <orth>lyfta</orth>
                  </form>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Icelandic</lang>
                    <orth>lyfta</orth>
                  </form>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Norwegian Bokmål</lang>
                    <orth>løfte</orth>
                  </form>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Norwegian Nynorsk</lang>
                    <orth>lyfta, lyfte, løfta, løfte</orth>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Old Norse</lang>
                  <orth>lypta</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Middle English</lang>
                    <orth>lyften, liften</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>English</lang>
                      <orth>lift</orth>
                    </form>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Scots</lang>
                      <orth>lyft, lift</orth>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Old Norse</lang>
                  <orth>lypta</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old Swedish</lang>
                    <orth>lypta</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Swedish</lang>
                      <orth>lyfta</orth>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Old Norse</lang>
                  <orth>lyfta</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Danish</lang>
                    <orth>løfte</orth>
                  </form>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Faroese</lang>
                    <orth>lyfta</orth>
                  </form>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Icelandic</lang>
                    <orth>lyfta</orth>
                  </form>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Norwegian Bokmål</lang>
                    <orth>løfte</orth>
                  </form>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Norwegian Nynorsk</lang>
                    <orth>lyfta, lyfte, løfta, løfte</orth>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Old Norse</lang>
                  <orth>lyfta</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Middle English</lang>
                    <orth>lyften, liften</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>English</lang>
                      <orth>lift</orth>
                    </form>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Scots</lang>
                      <orth>lyft, lift</orth>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Old Norse</lang>
                  <orth>lyfta</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old Swedish</lang>
                    <orth>lypta</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Swedish</lang>
                      <orth>lyfta</orth>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-Samic</lang>
                  <orth>*loptëjëtēk</orth>
                </form>
              </item>
            </list>
          </re>
        </entry>
      </div>
    </body>
  </text>
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