<?xml version='1.0' encoding='UTF-8'?>
<TEI xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" xml:lang="en" version="4.12.0">
  <teiHeader>
    <fileDesc>
      <titleStmt>
        <title type="main">Wurdahuzdą: Proto-Germanic dictionary — *lukkaz</title>
        <author>Scott K. Shay</author>
      </titleStmt>
      <publicationStmt>
        <publisher>Wardja Press</publisher>
        <date when="2026-10-03"/>
        <idno type="URL">https://protogermanic.org/pgmc_lukkaz</idno>
      </publicationStmt>
      <sourceDesc>
        <p>Single-entry extract from the dictionary. Cross-references to other entries point to their identifiers in the full dictionary.</p>
      </sourceDesc>
    </fileDesc>
  </teiHeader>
  <text>
    <body>
      <div type="dictionary">
        <entry xml:id="pgmc_lukkaz" type="noun" corresp="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/lukkaz">
          <form type="lemma">
            <orth>lukkaz</orth>
            <pron notation="ipa">ˈluk.kɑz</pron>
            <form type="runic">
              <orth>ᛚᚢᚲᚨᛉ</orth>
            </form>
          </form>
          <gramGrp>
            <pos>noun</pos>
            <gram type="gender">masculine</gram>
            <gram type="stem">a-stem</gram>
          </gramGrp>
          <sense n="1">
            <def>lock (of hair)</def>
          </sense>
          <sense n="2">
            <def>curl</def>
          </sense>
          <etym>
            <seg type="p">From Proto-Indo-European *lugnós, from *lewg- (‘to bend’) + *-nós. Synchronically analyzed as an a-stem nominal formation from *lūkaną (‘to close, shut’).</seg>
          </etym>
          <re type="paradigm">
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #nom">
              <orth>lukkaz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #nom">
              <orth>lukkōz, lukkōs</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #acc">
              <orth>lukką</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #acc">
              <orth>lukkanz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #gen">
              <orth>lukkas, lukkis</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #gen">
              <orth>lukkǫ̂</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #dat">
              <orth>lukkai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #dat">
              <orth>lukkamaz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #instr">
              <orth>lukkō</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #instr">
              <orth>lukkamiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #voc">
              <orth>lukk</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #voc">
              <orth>lukkōz, lukkōs</orth>
            </form>
          </re>
          <re type="descendants">
            <list>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*lokk</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Frankish</lang>
                    <orth>*lokk</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Old Dutch</lang>
                      <orth>lock</orth>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Middle Dutch</lang>
                        <orth>loc, locke</orth>
                        <form type="descendant">
                          <lang>Dutch</lang>
                          <orth>lok</orth>
                        </form>
                      </form>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*lokk</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Frankish</lang>
                    <orth>*lokk</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Old French</lang>
                      <orth>lok, loc</orth>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Middle French</lang>
                        <orth>loque</orth>
                        <form type="descendant">
                          <lang>French</lang>
                          <orth>loque</orth>
                        </form>
                      </form>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*lokk</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old English</lang>
                    <orth>locc, loc</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Middle English</lang>
                      <orth>lok, lokke</orth>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>English</lang>
                        <orth>lock</orth>
                      </form>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Scots</lang>
                        <orth>lok</orth>
                      </form>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*lokk</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old Frisian</lang>
                    <orth>lokk, lok</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>West Frisian</lang>
                      <orth>lok, lokke</orth>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*lokk</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old High German</lang>
                    <orth>lok, loc</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Middle High German</lang>
                      <orth>loc</orth>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>German</lang>
                        <orth>Locke</orth>
                      </form>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*lokk</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old High German</lang>
                    <orth>lok, loc</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Middle High German</lang>
                      <orth>loc</orth>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Alemannic German</lang>
                        <orth>?</orth>
                        <form type="descendant">
                          <lang>Italian Walser</lang>
                          <orth>lokha</orth>
                        </form>
                      </form>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*lokk</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old Saxon</lang>
                    <orth>lokk, lok</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Middle Low German</lang>
                      <orth>locke</orth>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>German Low German</lang>
                        <orth>Locke, Lock</orth>
                      </form>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Old Norse</lang>
                  <orth>lokkr</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Danish</lang>
                    <orth>lok</orth>
                  </form>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Faroese</lang>
                    <orth>lokkur</orth>
                  </form>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Icelandic</lang>
                    <orth>lokkur</orth>
                  </form>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Norwegian</lang>
                    <orth>lokk</orth>
                  </form>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Swedish</lang>
                    <orth>lock</orth>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
            </list>
          </re>
        </entry>
      </div>
    </body>
  </text>
</TEI>
