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    <fileDesc>
      <titleStmt>
        <title type="main">Wurdahuzdą: Proto-Germanic dictionary — *mainaz</title>
        <author>Scott K. Shay</author>
      </titleStmt>
      <publicationStmt>
        <publisher>Wardja Press</publisher>
        <date when="2026-10-01"/>
        <idno type="URL">https://protogermanic.org/pgmc_mainaz</idno>
      </publicationStmt>
      <sourceDesc>
        <p>Single-entry extract from the dictionary. Cross-references to other entries point to their identifiers in the full dictionary.</p>
      </sourceDesc>
    </fileDesc>
  </teiHeader>
  <text>
    <body>
      <list type="cognates">
        <item xml:id="cog_lat_maereo" xml:lang="lat" type="cognate">
          <orth>maereo</orth>
          <def>I am mournful</def>
        </item>
        <item xml:id="cog_san_meni" xml:lang="san" type="cognate">
          <orth>मेनि</orth>
          <form type="translit">
            <orth>meni</orth>
          </form>
          <def>wrath, punishment</def>
        </item>
        <item xml:id="cog_sla-x-proto_mamiti" xml:lang="sla-x-proto" type="cognate">
          <orth>*mamiti</orth>
          <def>to deceive</def>
        </item>
      </list>
      <div type="dictionary">
        <entry xml:id="pgmc_mainaz" type="adj" corresp="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/mainaz">
          <form type="lemma">
            <orth>mainaz</orth>
            <pron notation="ipa">ˈmɑi̯.nɑz</pron>
            <form type="runic">
              <orth>ᛗᚨᛁᚾᚨᛉ</orth>
            </form>
          </form>
          <gramGrp>
            <pos>adj</pos>
            <gram type="stem">a-stem</gram>
          </gramGrp>
          <sense n="1">
            <def>mean, damaging, hurtful</def>
          </sense>
          <sense n="2">
            <def>unjust, false</def>
          </sense>
          <etym>
            <seg type="p">From Proto-Indo-European *meh₂y-, which could be reduced from *(s)meh₂- (‘to beckon’) + *-yeti. See also Latin <mentioned xml:lang="lat" target="#cog_lat_maereo"><ref target="#cog_lat_maereo">maereo</ref></mentioned> (‘I am mournful’), Sanskrit <mentioned xml:lang="san" target="#cog_san_meni"><ref target="#cog_san_meni">मेनि</ref></mentioned> (meni, ‘wrath, punishment’), Proto-Slavic <mentioned xml:lang="sla-x-proto" target="#cog_sla-x-proto_mamiti"><ref target="#cog_sla-x-proto_mamiti">*mamiti</ref></mentioned> (‘to deceive’).</seg>
          </etym>
          <re type="paradigm">
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #nom #masc #strong">
              <orth>mainaz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #nom #fem #strong">
              <orth>mainō</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #nom #neut #strong">
              <orth>mainą, -atō</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #nom #masc #strong">
              <orth>mainai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #nom #fem #strong">
              <orth>mainôz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #nom #neut #strong">
              <orth>mainō</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #acc #masc #strong">
              <orth>mainanǭ</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #acc #fem #strong">
              <orth>mainǭ</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #acc #neut #strong">
              <orth>mainą, -atō</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #acc #masc #strong">
              <orth>mainanz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #acc #fem #strong">
              <orth>mainōz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #acc #neut #strong">
              <orth>mainō</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #gen #masc #strong">
              <orth>mainas, -is</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #gen #fem #strong">
              <orth>mainaizōz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #gen #neut #strong">
              <orth>mainas, -is</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #gen #masc #strong">
              <orth>mainaizǫ̂</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #gen #fem #strong">
              <orth>mainaizǫ̂</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #gen #neut #strong">
              <orth>mainaizǫ̂</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #dat #masc #strong">
              <orth>mainammai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #dat #fem #strong">
              <orth>mainaizōi</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #dat #neut #strong">
              <orth>mainammai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #dat #masc #strong">
              <orth>mainaimaz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #dat #fem #strong">
              <orth>mainaimaz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #dat #neut #strong">
              <orth>mainaimaz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #instr #masc #strong">
              <orth>mainanō</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #instr #fem #strong">
              <orth>mainaizō</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #instr #neut #strong">
              <orth>mainanō</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #instr #masc #strong">
              <orth>mainaimiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #instr #fem #strong">
              <orth>mainaimiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #instr #neut #strong">
              <orth>mainaimiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #nom #masc #weak">
              <orth>mainô</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #nom #fem #weak">
              <orth>mainǭ</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #nom #neut #weak">
              <orth>mainô</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #nom #masc #weak">
              <orth>mainaniz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #nom #fem #weak">
              <orth>mainōniz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #nom #neut #weak">
              <orth>mainōnō</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #acc #masc #weak">
              <orth>mainanų</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #acc #fem #weak">
              <orth>mainōnų</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #acc #neut #weak">
              <orth>mainô</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #acc #masc #weak">
              <orth>mainanunz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #acc #fem #weak">
              <orth>mainōnunz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #acc #neut #weak">
              <orth>mainōnō</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #gen #masc #weak">
              <orth>maininiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #gen #fem #weak">
              <orth>mainōniz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #gen #neut #weak">
              <orth>maininiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #gen #masc #weak">
              <orth>mainanǫ̂</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #gen #fem #weak">
              <orth>mainōnǫ̂</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #gen #neut #weak">
              <orth>mainanǫ̂</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #dat #masc #weak">
              <orth>mainini</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #dat #fem #weak">
              <orth>mainōni</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #dat #neut #weak">
              <orth>mainini</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #dat #masc #weak">
              <orth>mainammaz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #dat #fem #weak">
              <orth>mainōmaz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #dat #neut #weak">
              <orth>mainammaz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #instr #masc #weak">
              <orth>maininē</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #instr #fem #weak">
              <orth>mainōnē</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #instr #neut #weak">
              <orth>maininē</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #instr #masc #weak">
              <orth>mainammiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #instr #fem #weak">
              <orth>mainōmiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #instr #neut #weak">
              <orth>mainammiz</orth>
            </form>
          </re>
          <re type="descendants">
            <list>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*main</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old Dutch</lang>
                    <orth>*mēn</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Middle Dutch</lang>
                      <orth>meen, mein, gemeene</orth>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Dutch</lang>
                        <orth>gemeen</orth>
                        <form type="descendant">
                          <lang>Afrikaans</lang>
                          <orth>gemeen</orth>
                        </form>
                      </form>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*main</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old English</lang>
                    <orth>mān</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Middle English</lang>
                      <orth>man, mon, mone, mene</orth>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>English</lang>
                        <orth>mean</orth>
                      </form>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Scots</lang>
                        <orth>mene, mein</orth>
                      </form>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*main</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old Frisian</lang>
                    <orth>mēn</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Saterland Frisian</lang>
                      <orth>meen, gemeen</orth>
                    </form>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>West Frisian</lang>
                      <orth>mien, gemien</orth>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*main</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old High German</lang>
                    <orth>mein</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Middle High German</lang>
                      <orth>mein, meine, gemein</orth>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>German</lang>
                        <orth>mein, gemein</orth>
                      </form>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*main</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old Saxon</lang>
                    <orth>*mēn</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Middle Low German</lang>
                      <orth>mên, mein, gemêne, gemeine</orth>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>German Low German</lang>
                        <orth>gemeen</orth>
                      </form>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
            </list>
          </re>
        </entry>
      </div>
    </body>
  </text>
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