<?xml version='1.0' encoding='UTF-8'?>
<TEI xmlns="http://www.tei-c.org/ns/1.0" xml:lang="en" version="4.12.0">
  <teiHeader>
    <fileDesc>
      <titleStmt>
        <title type="main">Wurdahuzdą: Proto-Germanic dictionary — *mainijaną</title>
        <author>Scott K. Shay</author>
      </titleStmt>
      <publicationStmt>
        <publisher>Wardja Press</publisher>
        <date when="2026-10-02"/>
        <idno type="URL">https://protogermanic.org/pgmc_mainijaną_1</idno>
      </publicationStmt>
      <sourceDesc>
        <p>Single-entry extract from the dictionary. Cross-references to other entries point to their identifiers in the full dictionary.</p>
      </sourceDesc>
    </fileDesc>
  </teiHeader>
  <text>
    <body>
      <list type="cognates">
        <item xml:id="cog_ine-x-proto_mey" xml:lang="ine-x-proto" type="etymon">
          <orth>*mey-</orth>
          <def>to soil</def>
        </item>
        <item xml:id="cog_ine-x-proto_moyn_eye_ti" xml:lang="ine-x-proto" type="etymon">
          <orth>*moyn-éye-ti</orth>
          <def>to intend, give opinion</def>
        </item>
        <item xml:id="cog_sga_mian" xml:lang="sga" type="cognate">
          <orth>mían</orth>
          <def>wish; desire</def>
        </item>
        <item xml:id="cog_sla-x-proto_meniti" xml:lang="sla-x-proto" type="cognate">
          <orth>*měniti</orth>
          <def>to think</def>
        </item>
      </list>
      <div type="dictionary">
        <entry xml:id="pgmc_mainijana_1" type="verb" corresp="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/mainijaną">
          <form type="lemma">
            <orth>mainijaną</orth>
            <pron notation="ipa">ˈmɑi̯.ni.jɑ.nɑ̃</pron>
            <form type="runic">
              <orth>ᛗᚨᛁᚾᛁᛃᚨᚾᚨ</orth>
            </form>
          </form>
          <gramGrp>
            <pos>verb</pos>
            <gram type="class">Weak class 1</gram>
          </gramGrp>
          <sense n="1">
            <def>to mean, think</def>
          </sense>
          <etym>
            <seg type="p">From Proto-Indo-European <mentioned xml:lang="ine-x-proto" target="#cog_ine-x-proto_moyn_eye_ti"><ref target="#cog_ine-x-proto_moyn_eye_ti">*moyn-éye-ti</ref></mentioned> (‘to intend, give opinion’), cognate with Proto-Slavic <mentioned xml:lang="sla-x-proto" target="#cog_sla-x-proto_meniti"><ref target="#cog_sla-x-proto_meniti">*měniti</ref></mentioned> (‘to think’) a causative formation to a root *meyn-. Cognate with Old Irish <mentioned xml:lang="sga" target="#cog_sga_mian"><ref target="#cog_sga_mian">mían</ref></mentioned> (‘wish; desire’). Ultimately possibly from Proto-Indo-European <mentioned xml:lang="ine-x-proto" target="#cog_ine-x-proto_mey"><ref target="#cog_ine-x-proto_mey">*mey-</ref></mentioned> (‘to change, exchange’).</seg>
          </etym>
          <re type="paradigm">
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #act #p1 #sg">
              <orth>mainijō</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #act #p1 #sg">
              <orth>mainijaų</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #pass #p1 #sg">
              <orth>mainijai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #act #p2 #sg">
              <orth>mainīsi</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #act #p2 #sg">
              <orth>mainijais</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #imper #act #p2 #sg">
              <orth>mainī</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #pass #p2 #sg">
              <orth>mainijasai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #pass #p2 #sg">
              <orth>mainijaisau</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #act #p3 #sg">
              <orth>mainīþi</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #act #p3 #sg">
              <orth>mainijai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #imper #act #p3 #sg">
              <orth>mainijaþau</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #pass #p3 #sg">
              <orth>mainijaþai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #pass #p3 #sg">
              <orth>mainijaiþau</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #act #p1 #du">
              <orth>mainijōs</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #act #p1 #du">
              <orth>mainijaiw</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #act #p2 #du">
              <orth>mainijaþiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #act #p2 #du">
              <orth>mainijaiþiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #imper #act #p2 #du">
              <orth>mainijaþiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #act #p1 #pl">
              <orth>mainijamaz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #act #p1 #pl">
              <orth>mainijaim</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #pass #p1 #pl">
              <orth>mainijanþai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #pass #p1 #pl">
              <orth>mainijainþau</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #act #p2 #pl">
              <orth>mainīþ</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #act #p2 #pl">
              <orth>mainijaiþ</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #imper #act #p2 #pl">
              <orth>mainīþ</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #pass #p2 #pl">
              <orth>mainijanþai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #pass #p2 #pl">
              <orth>mainijainþau</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #act #p3 #pl">
              <orth>mainijanþi</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #act #p3 #pl">
              <orth>mainijain</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #imper #act #p3 #pl">
              <orth>mainijanþau</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #pass #p3 #pl">
              <orth>mainijanþai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #pass #p3 #pl">
              <orth>mainijainþau</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #ind #p1 #sg">
              <orth>mainidǭ</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #subj #p1 #sg">
              <orth>mainidēdį̄</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #ind #p2 #sg">
              <orth>mainidēz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #subj #p2 #sg">
              <orth>mainidēdīz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #ind #p3 #sg">
              <orth>mainidē</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #subj #p3 #sg">
              <orth>mainidēdī</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #ind #p1 #du">
              <orth>mainidēdū</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #subj #p1 #du">
              <orth>mainidēdīw</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #ind #p2 #du">
              <orth>mainidēdudiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #subj #p2 #du">
              <orth>mainidēdīdiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #ind #p1 #pl">
              <orth>mainidēdum</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #subj #p1 #pl">
              <orth>mainidēdīm</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #ind #p2 #pl">
              <orth>mainidēdud</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #subj #p2 #pl">
              <orth>mainidēdīd</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #ind #p3 #pl">
              <orth>mainidēdun</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #subj #p3 #pl">
              <orth>mainidēdīn</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="participle" subtype="present">
              <orth>mainijandz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="participle" subtype="past">
              <orth>mainidaz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="infinitive">
              <orth>mainijaną</orth>
            </form>
          </re>
          <re type="descendants">
            <list>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*mainijan</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old Dutch</lang>
                    <orth>mēnen</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Middle Dutch</lang>
                      <orth>mênen</orth>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Limburgish</lang>
                        <orth>meine</orth>
                      </form>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*mainijan</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old Dutch</lang>
                    <orth>mēnen</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Middle Dutch</lang>
                      <orth>mênen</orth>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Dutch</lang>
                        <orth>menen</orth>
                        <form type="descendant">
                          <lang>Afrikaans</lang>
                          <orth>meen</orth>
                        </form>
                      </form>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*mainijan</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old English</lang>
                    <orth>mǣnan</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Middle English</lang>
                      <orth>menen</orth>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>English</lang>
                        <orth>mean</orth>
                      </form>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Scots</lang>
                        <orth>mene, mein</orth>
                      </form>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*mainijan</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old Frisian</lang>
                    <orth>mēna</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Saterland Frisian</lang>
                      <orth>meene</orth>
                    </form>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>West Frisian</lang>
                      <orth>miene</orth>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*mainijan</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old High German</lang>
                    <orth>meinen</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Middle High German</lang>
                      <orth>meinen</orth>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>German</lang>
                        <orth>meinen</orth>
                      </form>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Hunsrik</lang>
                        <orth>menne</orth>
                      </form>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Yiddish</lang>
                        <orth>מיינען (meynen)</orth>
                      </form>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*mainijan</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old Saxon</lang>
                    <orth>mēnian</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Middle Low German</lang>
                      <orth>mênen, meinen</orth>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>German Low German</lang>
                        <orth>menen</orth>
                      </form>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*mainijan</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old Saxon</lang>
                    <orth>mēnian</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Middle Low German</lang>
                      <orth>mênen, meinen</orth>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Old Norse</lang>
                        <orth>meina</orth>
                        <form type="descendant">
                          <lang>Faroese</lang>
                          <orth>meina</orth>
                        </form>
                        <form type="descendant">
                          <lang>Gutnish</lang>
                          <orth>maine</orth>
                        </form>
                        <form type="descendant">
                          <lang>Icelandic</lang>
                          <orth>meina</orth>
                        </form>
                        <form type="descendant">
                          <lang>Swedish</lang>
                          <orth>mena</orth>
                        </form>
                      </form>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*mainijan</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old Saxon</lang>
                    <orth>mēnian</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Middle Low German</lang>
                      <orth>mênen, meinen</orth>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Old Norse</lang>
                        <orth>meina</orth>
                        <form type="descendant">
                          <lang>Danish</lang>
                          <orth>mene</orth>
                          <form type="descendant">
                            <lang>Norwegian Bokmål</lang>
                            <orth>mene</orth>
                          </form>
                        </form>
                      </form>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*mainijan</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old Saxon</lang>
                    <orth>mēnian</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Middle Low German</lang>
                      <orth>mênen, meinen</orth>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Old Norse</lang>
                        <orth>meina</orth>
                        <form type="descendant">
                          <lang>Norwegian Nynorsk</lang>
                          <orth>meina</orth>
                          <form type="descendant">
                            <lang>Norwegian Bokmål</lang>
                            <orth>meine</orth>
                          </form>
                        </form>
                      </form>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-Finnic</lang>
                  <orth>*mainit'ak</orth>
                </form>
              </item>
            </list>
          </re>
        </entry>
      </div>
    </body>
  </text>
</TEI>
