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    <fileDesc>
      <titleStmt>
        <title type="main">Wurdahuzdą: Proto-Germanic dictionary — *maitaną</title>
        <author>Scott K. Shay</author>
      </titleStmt>
      <publicationStmt>
        <publisher>Wardja Press</publisher>
        <date when="2026-10-01"/>
        <idno type="URL">https://protogermanic.org/pgmc_maitaną</idno>
      </publicationStmt>
      <sourceDesc>
        <p>Single-entry extract from the dictionary. Cross-references to other entries point to their identifiers in the full dictionary.</p>
      </sourceDesc>
    </fileDesc>
  </teiHeader>
  <text>
    <body>
      <list type="cognates">
        <item xml:id="cog_cel-x-proto_mailos" xml:lang="cel-x-proto" type="cognate">
          <orth>*mailos</orth>
          <def>bald</def>
        </item>
        <item xml:id="cog_ine-x-proto_mey" xml:lang="ine-x-proto" type="etymon">
          <orth>*mey-</orth>
          <def>to soil</def>
        </item>
      </list>
      <div type="dictionary">
        <entry xml:id="pgmc_maitana" type="verb" corresp="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/maitaną">
          <form type="lemma">
            <orth>maitaną</orth>
            <pron notation="ipa">ˈmɑi̯.tɑ.nɑ̃</pron>
            <form type="runic">
              <orth>ᛗᚨᛁᛏᚨᚾᚨ</orth>
            </form>
          </form>
          <gramGrp>
            <pos>verb</pos>
            <gram type="class">Strong class 7a</gram>
          </gramGrp>
          <sense n="1">
            <def>to cut, hew</def>
          </sense>
          <sense n="2">
            <def>to cut off, sever</def>
          </sense>
          <etym>
            <seg type="p">Traditinally derived from Proto-Indo-European <mentioned xml:lang="ine-x-proto" target="#cog_ine-x-proto_mey"><ref target="#cog_ine-x-proto_mey">*mey-</ref></mentioned> (‘small’) or *meh₂y- (‘to cut’) (compare Proto-Celtic <mentioned xml:lang="cel-x-proto" target="#cog_cel-x-proto_mailos"><ref target="#cog_cel-x-proto_mailos">*mailos</ref></mentioned> (‘bald’)).</seg>
            <seg type="p">However, in view of the likely causative *maidijaną (‘to hurt’) (see there for further origin), Kroonen assumes the original form of this verb was *maiþaną, from Pre-Germanic *moitH-, with contamination from the related *mittōną (‘to cut’).</seg>
          </etym>
          <re type="paradigm">
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #act #p1 #sg">
              <orth>maitō</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #act #p1 #sg">
              <orth>maitaų</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #pass #p1 #sg">
              <orth>maitai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #act #p2 #sg">
              <orth>maitizi</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #act #p2 #sg">
              <orth>maitaiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #imper #act #p2 #sg">
              <orth>mait</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #pass #p2 #sg">
              <orth>maitazai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #pass #p2 #sg">
              <orth>maitaizau</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #act #p3 #sg">
              <orth>maitidi</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #act #p3 #sg">
              <orth>maitai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #imper #act #p3 #sg">
              <orth>maitadau</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #pass #p3 #sg">
              <orth>maitadai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #pass #p3 #sg">
              <orth>maitaidau</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #act #p1 #du">
              <orth>maitōz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #act #p1 #du">
              <orth>maitaiw</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #act #p2 #du">
              <orth>maitadiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #act #p2 #du">
              <orth>maitaidiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #imper #act #p2 #du">
              <orth>maitadiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #act #p1 #pl">
              <orth>maitamaz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #act #p1 #pl">
              <orth>maitaim</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #pass #p1 #pl">
              <orth>maitandai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #pass #p1 #pl">
              <orth>maitaindau</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #act #p2 #pl">
              <orth>maitid</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #act #p2 #pl">
              <orth>maitaid</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #imper #act #p2 #pl">
              <orth>maitid</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #pass #p2 #pl">
              <orth>maitandai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #pass #p2 #pl">
              <orth>maitaindau</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #act #p3 #pl">
              <orth>maitandi</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #act #p3 #pl">
              <orth>maitain</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #imper #act #p3 #pl">
              <orth>maitandau</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #pass #p3 #pl">
              <orth>maitandai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #pass #p3 #pl">
              <orth>maitaindau</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #ind #p1 #sg">
              <orth>memait</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #subj #p1 #sg">
              <orth>memaitį̄</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #ind #p2 #sg">
              <orth>memaist</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #subj #p2 #sg">
              <orth>memaitīz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #ind #p3 #sg">
              <orth>memait</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #subj #p3 #sg">
              <orth>memaitī</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #ind #p1 #du">
              <orth>memaitū</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #subj #p1 #du">
              <orth>memaitīw</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #ind #p2 #du">
              <orth>memaitudiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #subj #p2 #du">
              <orth>memaitīdiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #ind #p1 #pl">
              <orth>memaitum</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #subj #p1 #pl">
              <orth>memaitīm</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #ind #p2 #pl">
              <orth>memaitud</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #subj #p2 #pl">
              <orth>memaitīd</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #ind #p3 #pl">
              <orth>memaitun</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #subj #p3 #pl">
              <orth>memaitīn</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="participle" subtype="present">
              <orth>maitandz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="participle" subtype="past">
              <orth>maitanaz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="infinitive">
              <orth>maitaną</orth>
            </form>
          </re>
          <re type="descendants">
            <list>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*maitan</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old English</lang>
                    <orth>mǣded, mǣdd, ġemǣded, ġemǣdd</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Middle English</lang>
                      <orth>madd, medd, mad, med</orth>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>English</lang>
                        <orth>mad, (Scots: madde, mad</orth>
                      </form>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*maitan</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old High German</lang>
                    <orth>meizan</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Middle High German</lang>
                      <orth>meizen</orth>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Old Norse</lang>
                  <orth>meita</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Danish</lang>
                    <orth>meda</orth>
                  </form>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Icelandic</lang>
                    <orth>meita</orth>
                  </form>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Norwegian</lang>
                    <orth>meita</orth>
                  </form>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Swedish</lang>
                    <orth>meta</orth>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Gothic</lang>
                  <orth>𐌼𐌰𐌹𐍄𐌰𐌽 (maitan)</orth>
                </form>
              </item>
            </list>
          </re>
        </entry>
      </div>
    </body>
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