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    <fileDesc>
      <titleStmt>
        <title type="main">Wurdahuzdą: Proto-Germanic dictionary — *marhwaz</title>
        <author>Scott K. Shay</author>
      </titleStmt>
      <publicationStmt>
        <publisher>Wardja Press</publisher>
        <date when="2026-10-01"/>
        <idno type="URL">https://protogermanic.org/pgmc_marhwaz</idno>
      </publicationStmt>
      <sourceDesc>
        <p>Single-entry extract from the dictionary. Cross-references to other entries point to their identifiers in the full dictionary.</p>
      </sourceDesc>
    </fileDesc>
  </teiHeader>
  <text>
    <body>
      <list type="cognates">
        <item xml:id="cog_ine-x-proto_merk" xml:lang="ine-x-proto" type="etymon">
          <orth>*merk-</orth>
          <def>to decay</def>
        </item>
      </list>
      <div type="dictionary">
        <entry xml:id="pgmc_marhwaz" type="noun" corresp="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/marhwaz">
          <form type="lemma">
            <orth>marhwaz</orth>
            <pron notation="ipa">ˈmɑr.xʷɑz</pron>
            <form type="runic">
              <orth>ᛗᚨᚱᚺᚹᚨᛉ</orth>
            </form>
          </form>
          <gramGrp>
            <pos>noun</pos>
            <gram type="gender">masculine</gram>
            <gram type="stem">a-stem</gram>
          </gramGrp>
          <sense n="1">
            <def>tallow, suet</def>
          </sense>
          <etym>
            <seg type="p">A thematicisation of earlier *marhuz, from Proto-Indo-European <mentioned xml:lang="ine-x-proto" target="#cog_ine-x-proto_merk"><ref target="#cog_ine-x-proto_merk">*merk-</ref></mentioned> (‘to decay’).</seg>
          </etym>
          <re type="paradigm">
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #nom">
              <orth>marhwaz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #nom">
              <orth>marhwōz, marhwōs</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #acc">
              <orth>marhwą</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #acc">
              <orth>marhwanz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #gen">
              <orth>marhwas, marhwis</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #gen">
              <orth>marhwǫ̂</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #dat">
              <orth>marhwai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #dat">
              <orth>marhwamaz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #instr">
              <orth>marhwō</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #instr">
              <orth>marhwamiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #voc">
              <orth>marhw</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #voc">
              <orth>marhwōz, marhwōs</orth>
            </form>
          </re>
          <re type="descendants">
            <list>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*marhu</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old English</lang>
                    <orth>mearh, mærh, merg, mearg, meargh, mærc</orth>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*marhu</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old Frisian</lang>
                    <orth>*march</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>North Frisian</lang>
                      <orth>?</orth>
                    </form>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Wangerooge Frisian</lang>
                      <orth>mûrû</orth>
                    </form>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>West Frisian</lang>
                      <orth>marge</orth>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-Norse</lang>
                  <orth>*ᛗᚨᚱᚺᚹᚨ- (*marhwa-)</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Proto-Samic</lang>
                    <orth>*mārfē</orth>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-Norse</lang>
                  <orth>*ᛗᚨᚱᚺᚹᚨ- (*marhwa-)</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old Norse</lang>
                    <orth>mǫrr</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Faroese</lang>
                      <orth>mørur</orth>
                    </form>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Icelandic</lang>
                      <orth>mör</orth>
                    </form>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Norwegian Bokmål</lang>
                      <orth>morr, mørr</orth>
                    </form>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Norwegian Nynorsk</lang>
                      <orth>mòr</orth>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-Norse</lang>
                  <orth>*ᛗᚨᚱᚺᚹᚨ- (*marhwa-)</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old Norse</lang>
                    <orth>mǫrr</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Old Irish</lang>
                      <orth>mar</orth>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Middle Irish</lang>
                        <orth>maróc</orth>
                        <form type="descendant">
                          <lang>Irish</lang>
                          <orth>maróg</orth>
                        </form>
                        <form type="descendant">
                          <lang>Scottish Gaelic</lang>
                          <orth>marag</orth>
                        </form>
                      </form>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
            </list>
          </re>
        </entry>
      </div>
    </body>
  </text>
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