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  <teiHeader>
    <fileDesc>
      <titleStmt>
        <title type="main">Wurdahuzdą: Proto-Germanic dictionary — *maskwǭ</title>
        <author>Scott K. Shay</author>
      </titleStmt>
      <publicationStmt>
        <publisher>Wardja Press</publisher>
        <date when="2026-10-01"/>
        <idno type="URL">https://protogermanic.org/pgmc_maskwǭ</idno>
      </publicationStmt>
      <sourceDesc>
        <p>Single-entry extract from the dictionary. Cross-references to other entries point to their identifiers in the full dictionary.</p>
      </sourceDesc>
    </fileDesc>
  </teiHeader>
  <text>
    <body>
      <list type="cognates">
        <item xml:id="cog_ine-x-proto_mesgw" xml:lang="ine-x-proto" type="etymon">
          <orth>*mesgʷ-</orth>
          <def>to knit, tie, make a loop</def>
        </item>
        <item xml:id="cog_ine-x-proto_mosgo" xml:lang="ine-x-proto" type="etymon">
          <orth>*mosgo-</orth>
          <def>netting, mesh, knot, loop</def>
        </item>
        <item xml:id="cog_lit_megzti" xml:lang="lit" type="cognate">
          <orth>mègzti</orth>
          <def>to make a knot, knit</def>
        </item>
      </list>
      <div type="dictionary">
        <entry xml:id="pgmc_maskwo" type="noun" corresp="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/maskwǭ">
          <form type="lemma">
            <orth>maskwǭ</orth>
            <pron notation="ipa">ˈmɑs.kwɔ̃ː</pron>
            <form type="runic">
              <orth>ᛗᚨᛊᚲᚹᛟ</orth>
            </form>
          </form>
          <gramGrp>
            <pos>noun</pos>
            <gram type="gender">feminine</gram>
            <gram type="stem">ōn-stem</gram>
          </gramGrp>
          <sense n="1">
            <def>loop, knot</def>
          </sense>
          <sense n="2">
            <def>mesh, netting</def>
          </sense>
          <sense n="3">
            <def>mesh used as a filter, facemask</def>
          </sense>
          <etym>
            <seg type="p">From Proto-Indo-European <mentioned xml:lang="ine-x-proto" target="#cog_ine-x-proto_mosgo"><ref target="#cog_ine-x-proto_mosgo">*mosgo-</ref></mentioned> (‘netting, mesh, knot, loop’), from Proto-Indo-European <mentioned xml:lang="ine-x-proto" target="#cog_ine-x-proto_mesgw"><ref target="#cog_ine-x-proto_mesgw">*mesgʷ-</ref></mentioned> (‘to knit, tie, make a loop’). Cognate with Lithuanian <mentioned xml:lang="lit" target="#cog_lit_megzti"><ref target="#cog_lit_megzti">mègzti</ref></mentioned> (‘to make a knot, knit’).</seg>
          </etym>
          <re type="paradigm">
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #nom">
              <orth>maskwǭ</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #nom">
              <orth>maskwōniz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #acc">
              <orth>maskwōnų</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #acc">
              <orth>maskwōnunz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #gen">
              <orth>maskwōniz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #gen">
              <orth>maskwōnǫ̂</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #dat">
              <orth>maskwōni</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #dat">
              <orth>maskwōmaz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #instr">
              <orth>maskwōnē</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #instr">
              <orth>maskwōmiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #voc">
              <orth>maskwǭ</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #voc">
              <orth>maskwōniz</orth>
            </form>
          </re>
          <re type="descendants">
            <list>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*maskā</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Medieval Latin</lang>
                    <orth>masca</orth>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*maskā</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old Dutch</lang>
                    <orth>*maska, *māska</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Middle Dutch</lang>
                      <orth>maessce, masche, maesche</orth>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Dutch</lang>
                        <orth>maas</orth>
                      </form>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*maskā</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old English</lang>
                    <orth>mæsċre, masc, max</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Middle English</lang>
                      <orth>maske, *masche, mesche</orth>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>English</lang>
                        <orth>mesh</orth>
                      </form>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Scots</lang>
                        <orth>mask</orth>
                      </form>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*maskā</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old Frisian</lang>
                    <orth>*maske</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Saterland Frisian</lang>
                      <orth>Mäske</orth>
                    </form>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>West Frisian</lang>
                      <orth>mesk, mêsk</orth>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*maskā</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old High German</lang>
                    <orth>masca, maska, māska, māsca</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Middle High German</lang>
                      <orth>masche</orth>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>German</lang>
                        <orth>Masche</orth>
                      </form>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Luxembourgish</lang>
                        <orth>Masch</orth>
                      </form>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*maskā</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old Saxon</lang>
                    <orth>maska, *māska</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Middle Low German</lang>
                      <orth>masche</orth>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>German Low German</lang>
                        <orth>Maske, Mask</orth>
                      </form>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Old Norse</lang>
                  <orth>mǫskvi</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Danish</lang>
                    <orth>maske</orth>
                  </form>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Faroese</lang>
                    <orth>meskur</orth>
                  </form>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Icelandic</lang>
                    <orth>möskvi</orth>
                  </form>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Norwegian</lang>
                    <orth>moske</orth>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Old Norse</lang>
                  <orth>mǫskvi</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old Swedish</lang>
                    <orth>maska</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Swedish</lang>
                      <orth>maska</orth>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Old Norse</lang>
                  <orth>mǫskun</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Danish</lang>
                    <orth>maske</orth>
                  </form>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Faroese</lang>
                    <orth>meskur</orth>
                  </form>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Icelandic</lang>
                    <orth>möskvi</orth>
                  </form>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Norwegian</lang>
                    <orth>moske</orth>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Old Norse</lang>
                  <orth>mǫskun</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old Swedish</lang>
                    <orth>maska</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Swedish</lang>
                      <orth>maska</orth>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
            </list>
          </re>
        </entry>
      </div>
    </body>
  </text>
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