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    <fileDesc>
      <titleStmt>
        <title type="main">Wurdahuzdą: Proto-Germanic dictionary — *Masō</title>
        <author>Scott K. Shay</author>
      </titleStmt>
      <publicationStmt>
        <publisher>Wardja Press</publisher>
        <date when="2026-10-01"/>
        <idno type="URL">https://protogermanic.org/pgmc_masō</idno>
      </publicationStmt>
      <sourceDesc>
        <p>Single-entry extract from the dictionary. Cross-references to other entries point to their identifiers in the full dictionary.</p>
      </sourceDesc>
    </fileDesc>
  </teiHeader>
  <text>
    <body>
      <list type="cognates">
        <item xml:id="cog_cym_mydu" xml:lang="cym" type="cognate">
          <orth>mydu</orth>
          <def>to vault, arch</def>
        </item>
        <item xml:id="cog_grc_mestos" xml:lang="grc" type="cognate">
          <orth>μεστός</orth>
          <form type="translit">
            <orth>mestós</orth>
          </form>
          <def>full</def>
        </item>
        <item xml:id="cog_ine-x-proto_ma" xml:lang="ine-x-proto" type="etymon">
          <orth>*mā-</orth>
          <def>to stupefy</def>
        </item>
        <item xml:id="cog_lat_madeo" xml:lang="lat" type="cognate">
          <orth>madeō</orth>
          <def>I am wet</def>
        </item>
      </list>
      <div type="dictionary">
        <entry xml:id="pgmc_maso" type="propn" corresp="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/Masō">
          <form type="lemma">
            <orth>Masō</orth>
            <pron notation="ipa">ˈmɑ.sɔː</pron>
            <form type="runic">
              <orth>ᛗᚨᛊᛟ</orth>
            </form>
          </form>
          <gramGrp>
            <pos>propn</pos>
            <gram type="gender">feminine</gram>
            <gram type="stem">ō-stem</gram>
          </gramGrp>
          <sense n="1">
            <def>the river Meuse</def>
          </sense>
          <etym>
            <seg type="p">From a Celtic language, presumably Proto-Celtic *Mosā. Despite the obvious similarities, the name is not derived from Latin Mosa. It shows evidence of the change from of o to a; this is known to have occurred before the first contact of Germanic people with the Romans, but probably after first contact with the Celts. Most likely, Latin and Germanic both borrowed the name from Celtic independently.</seg>
            <seg type="p">Albrecht Greule writes that its ultimate origin is unclear, but could perhaps be Proto-Indo-European *meh₂d-, whence Latin <mentioned xml:lang="lat" target="#cog_lat_madeo"><ref target="#cog_lat_madeo">madeō</ref></mentioned> (‘I am wet’) and Ancient Greek <mentioned xml:lang="grc" target="#cog_grc_mestos"><ref target="#cog_grc_mestos">μεστός</ref></mentioned> (mestós, ‘full’). Or, from Proto-Indo-European <mentioned xml:lang="ine-x-proto" target="#cog_ine-x-proto_ma"><ref target="#cog_ine-x-proto_ma">*mā-</ref></mentioned> (‘to stupefy’) in the sense of the river's tortuousness, cognate with Proto-Germanic *masōną (‘to confound, be weary, dream’) (modern English maze), Welsh <mentioned xml:lang="cym" target="#cog_cym_mydu"><ref target="#cog_cym_mydu">mydu</ref></mentioned> (‘to vault, arch’), Old Norse meis (‘curvatura’).</seg>
          </etym>
          <re type="paradigm">
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #nom">
              <orth>Masō</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #acc">
              <orth>Masǭ</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #gen">
              <orth>Masōz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #dat">
              <orth>Masōi</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #instr">
              <orth>Masō</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #voc">
              <orth>Masō</orth>
            </form>
          </re>
          <re type="descendants">
            <list>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*Masu</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old Dutch</lang>
                    <orth>*masa</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Limburgish</lang>
                      <orth>Maas, Maos</orth>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*Masu</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old Dutch</lang>
                    <orth>*masa</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Middle Dutch</lang>
                      <orth>māse</orth>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Dutch</lang>
                        <orth>Maas</orth>
                        <form type="descendant">
                          <lang>Bulgarian</lang>
                          <orth>Маас (Maas)</orth>
                        </form>
                        <form type="descendant">
                          <lang>Danish</lang>
                          <orth>Maas</orth>
                        </form>
                        <form type="descendant">
                          <lang>Hungarian</lang>
                          <orth>Maas</orth>
                        </form>
                        <form type="descendant">
                          <lang>Norwegian</lang>
                          <orth>Maas</orth>
                        </form>
                        <form type="descendant">
                          <lang>Russian</lang>
                          <orth>Маас (Maas)</orth>
                        </form>
                        <form type="descendant">
                          <lang>Swedish</lang>
                          <orth>Maas</orth>
                        </form>
                        <form type="descendant">
                          <lang>West Frisian</lang>
                          <orth>Maas</orth>
                        </form>
                      </form>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*Masu</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old High German</lang>
                    <orth>Masa</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Middle High German</lang>
                      <orth>*Mase</orth>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Czech</lang>
                        <orth>Máza</orth>
                      </form>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>German</lang>
                        <orth>Maas</orth>
                      </form>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
            </list>
          </re>
        </entry>
      </div>
    </body>
  </text>
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