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  <teiHeader>
    <fileDesc>
      <titleStmt>
        <title type="main">Wurdahuzdą: Proto-Germanic dictionary — *meduz</title>
        <author>Scott K. Shay</author>
      </titleStmt>
      <publicationStmt>
        <publisher>Wardja Press</publisher>
        <date when="2026-10-01"/>
        <idno type="URL">https://protogermanic.org/pgmc_meduz</idno>
      </publicationStmt>
      <sourceDesc>
        <p>Single-entry extract from the dictionary. Cross-references to other entries point to their identifiers in the full dictionary.</p>
      </sourceDesc>
    </fileDesc>
  </teiHeader>
  <text>
    <body>
      <list type="cognates">
        <item xml:id="cog_ave_madu" xml:lang="ave" type="cognate">
          <orth>𐬨𐬀𐬜𐬎</orth>
          <form type="translit">
            <orth>maδu</orth>
          </form>
          <def>honey, wine, sweet drink</def>
        </item>
        <item xml:id="cog_grc_methu" xml:lang="grc" type="cognate">
          <orth>μέθυ</orth>
          <form type="translit">
            <orth>méthu</orth>
          </form>
        </item>
        <item xml:id="cog_san_madhu" xml:lang="san" type="cognate">
          <orth>मधु</orth>
          <form type="translit">
            <orth>madhu</orth>
          </form>
        </item>
      </list>
      <div type="dictionary">
        <entry xml:id="pgmc_meduz" type="noun" corresp="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/meduz">
          <form type="lemma">
            <orth>meduz</orth>
            <pron notation="ipa">ˈme.ðuz</pron>
            <form type="runic">
              <orth>ᛗᛖᛞᚢᛉ</orth>
            </form>
          </form>
          <gramGrp>
            <pos>noun</pos>
            <gram type="gender">masculine</gram>
            <gram type="stem">u-stem</gram>
          </gramGrp>
          <sense n="1">
            <def>intoxicating drink</def>
          </sense>
          <sense n="2">
            <def>mead</def>
          </sense>
          <etym>
            <seg type="p">From Proto-Indo-European *médʰu. Cognate with Sanskrit <mentioned xml:lang="san" target="#cog_san_madhu"><ref target="#cog_san_madhu">मधु</ref></mentioned> (madhu), Avestan <mentioned xml:lang="ave" target="#cog_ave_madu"><ref target="#cog_ave_madu">𐬨𐬀𐬜𐬎</ref></mentioned> (maδu), Ancient Greek <mentioned xml:lang="grc" target="#cog_grc_methu"><ref target="#cog_grc_methu">μέθυ</ref></mentioned> (méthu).</seg>
          </etym>
          <re type="paradigm">
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #nom">
              <orth>meduz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #nom">
              <orth>midiwiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #acc">
              <orth>medų</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #acc">
              <orth>medunz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #gen">
              <orth>medauz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #gen">
              <orth>midiwǫ̂</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #dat">
              <orth>midiwi</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #dat">
              <orth>medumaz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #instr">
              <orth>medū</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #instr">
              <orth>medumiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #voc">
              <orth>medu</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #voc">
              <orth>midiwiz</orth>
            </form>
          </re>
          <re type="descendants">
            <list>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*medu</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old Dutch</lang>
                    <orth>*medo</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Middle Dutch</lang>
                      <orth>mēde, meede, mee</orth>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Dutch</lang>
                        <orth>mede, mee</orth>
                      </form>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*medu</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old English</lang>
                    <orth>medu, medo, meodo, meodu</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Middle English</lang>
                      <orth>mede, methe</orth>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>English</lang>
                        <orth>mead</orth>
                      </form>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Scots</lang>
                        <orth>mede, meid</orth>
                      </form>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*medu</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old Frisian</lang>
                    <orth>mede</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Saterland Frisian</lang>
                      <orth>Meede</orth>
                    </form>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>West Frisian</lang>
                      <orth>mea</orth>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*medu</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old High German</lang>
                    <orth>metu</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Middle High German</lang>
                      <orth>mete, met</orth>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>German</lang>
                        <orth>Met</orth>
                      </form>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*medu</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old Saxon</lang>
                    <orth>medu</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Middle Low German</lang>
                      <orth>mēde, medde</orth>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Low German</lang>
                        <orth>Mia</orth>
                      </form>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-Norse</lang>
                  <orth>*ᛗᛖᛞᚢᛉ (*meduʀ)</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old Norse</lang>
                    <orth>mjǫðr</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Faroese</lang>
                      <orth>mjøður</orth>
                    </form>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Icelandic</lang>
                      <orth>mjöður</orth>
                    </form>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Norwegian Nynorsk</lang>
                      <orth>mjød, mjør, mjøyr’e</orth>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-Norse</lang>
                  <orth>*ᛗᛖᛞᚢᛉ (*meduʀ)</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old Norse</lang>
                    <orth>mjǫðr</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Old Danish</lang>
                      <orth>mioth, miøth, møth</orth>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Danish</lang>
                        <orth>mjød</orth>
                        <form type="descendant">
                          <lang>Norwegian Bokmål</lang>
                          <orth>mjød</orth>
                        </form>
                      </form>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-Norse</lang>
                  <orth>*ᛗᛖᛞᚢᛉ (*meduʀ)</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old Norse</lang>
                    <orth>mjǫðr</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Old Swedish</lang>
                      <orth>miødher, mioþer</orth>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Swedish</lang>
                        <orth>mjöd</orth>
                      </form>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-Finnic</lang>
                  <orth>*mëtu</orth>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Ancient Greek</lang>
                  <orth>μέδος (médos)</orth>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Hunnic</lang>
                  <orth>μέδος (médos)</orth>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Latin</lang>
                  <orth>mēdus</orth>
                </form>
              </item>
            </list>
          </re>
        </entry>
      </div>
    </body>
  </text>
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