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    <fileDesc>
      <titleStmt>
        <title type="main">Wurdahuzdą: Proto-Germanic dictionary — *melwą</title>
        <author>Scott K. Shay</author>
      </titleStmt>
      <publicationStmt>
        <publisher>Wardja Press</publisher>
        <date when="2026-10-02"/>
        <idno type="URL">https://protogermanic.org/pgmc_melwą</idno>
      </publicationStmt>
      <sourceDesc>
        <p>Single-entry extract from the dictionary. Cross-references to other entries point to their identifiers in the full dictionary.</p>
      </sourceDesc>
    </fileDesc>
  </teiHeader>
  <text>
    <body>
      <list type="cognates">
        <item xml:id="cog_lat_molo" xml:lang="lat" type="cognate">
          <orth>molō</orth>
          <def>mill, grist, grind</def>
        </item>
      </list>
      <div type="dictionary">
        <entry xml:id="pgmc_melwa" type="noun" corresp="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/melwą">
          <form type="lemma">
            <orth>melwą</orth>
            <pron notation="ipa">ˈmel.wɑ̃</pron>
            <form type="runic">
              <orth>ᛗᛖᛚᚹᚨ</orth>
            </form>
          </form>
          <gramGrp>
            <pos>noun</pos>
            <gram type="gender">neuter</gram>
            <gram type="stem">a-stem</gram>
          </gramGrp>
          <sense n="1">
            <def>ground corn, meal, flour</def>
          </sense>
          <etym>
            <seg type="p">From Proto-Indo-European *melh₂-wo-m, from *melh₂- (‘to beat; crush; grind’); by synchronic analysis, a wa-stem nominal formation from *malaną (‘to grind’). Cognate with Latin <mentioned xml:lang="lat" target="#cog_lat_molo"><ref target="#cog_lat_molo">molō</ref></mentioned>.</seg>
          </etym>
          <re type="paradigm">
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #nom">
              <orth>melwą</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #nom">
              <orth>melwō</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #acc">
              <orth>melwą</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #acc">
              <orth>melwō</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #gen">
              <orth>melwas, milwis</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #gen">
              <orth>melwǫ̂</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #dat">
              <orth>melwai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #dat">
              <orth>melwamaz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #instr">
              <orth>melwō</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #instr">
              <orth>melwamiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #voc">
              <orth>melwą</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #voc">
              <orth>melwō</orth>
            </form>
          </re>
          <re type="descendants">
            <list>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*melu</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old Dutch</lang>
                    <orth>*melo</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Middle Dutch</lang>
                      <orth>mēle, meel</orth>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Limburgish</lang>
                        <orth>mael</orth>
                      </form>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*melu</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old Dutch</lang>
                    <orth>*melo</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Middle Dutch</lang>
                      <orth>mēle, meel</orth>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Dutch</lang>
                        <orth>meel</orth>
                        <form type="descendant">
                          <lang>Afrikaans</lang>
                          <orth>meel</orth>
                        </form>
                        <form type="descendant">
                          <lang>Berbice Creole Dutch</lang>
                          <orth>meli</orth>
                        </form>
                        <form type="descendant">
                          <lang>Lokono</lang>
                          <orth>meli</orth>
                        </form>
                        <form type="descendant">
                          <lang>Negerhollands</lang>
                          <orth>meel, mil</orth>
                        </form>
                      </form>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*melu</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old English</lang>
                    <orth>melu, meolu, melo, meolo</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Middle English</lang>
                      <orth>mele, meale, meele, melow</orth>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>English</lang>
                        <orth>meal</orth>
                      </form>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Scots</lang>
                        <orth>meil, mele</orth>
                      </form>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Yola</lang>
                        <orth>mele, mell</orth>
                      </form>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*melu</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old Frisian</lang>
                    <orth>mele</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>North Frisian</lang>
                      <orth>meel, mal</orth>
                    </form>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Saterland Frisian</lang>
                      <orth>Meel</orth>
                    </form>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>West Frisian</lang>
                      <orth>moal</orth>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*melu</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old High German</lang>
                    <orth>melo</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Middle High German</lang>
                      <orth>mël</orth>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Alemannic German</lang>
                        <orth>Mël, Mèhl</orth>
                      </form>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Bavarian</lang>
                        <orth>Mej, Möö</orth>
                      </form>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Central Franconian</lang>
                        <orth>?</orth>
                      </form>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>German</lang>
                        <orth>Mehl</orth>
                      </form>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Rhine Franconian</lang>
                        <orth>?</orth>
                      </form>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Vilamovian</lang>
                        <orth>maoł</orth>
                      </form>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Yiddish</lang>
                        <orth>מעל (mel)</orth>
                      </form>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*melu</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old Saxon</lang>
                    <orth>melo</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Middle Low German</lang>
                      <orth>mēle, mel</orth>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Dutch Low Saxon</lang>
                        <orth>mael</orth>
                      </form>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>German Low German</lang>
                        <orth>Mehl</orth>
                      </form>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Old Norse</lang>
                  <orth>mjǫl</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Faroese</lang>
                    <orth>mjøl</orth>
                  </form>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Icelandic</lang>
                    <orth>mjöl</orth>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Old Norse</lang>
                  <orth>mjǫl</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Norwegian Nynorsk</lang>
                    <orth>mjøl</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Norwegian Bokmål</lang>
                      <orth>mjøl</orth>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Old Norse</lang>
                  <orth>mjǫl</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old Danish</lang>
                    <orth>miel, miøl, miæl, mial, mel</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Danish</lang>
                      <orth>mel</orth>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Norwegian Bokmål</lang>
                        <orth>mel</orth>
                      </form>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Old Norse</lang>
                  <orth>mjǫl</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old Swedish</lang>
                    <orth>miol, miøl, møl</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Swedish</lang>
                      <orth>mjöl</orth>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
            </list>
          </re>
        </entry>
      </div>
    </body>
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