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  <teiHeader>
    <fileDesc>
      <titleStmt>
        <title type="main">Wurdahuzdą: Proto-Germanic dictionary — *missijaną</title>
        <author>Scott K. Shay</author>
      </titleStmt>
      <publicationStmt>
        <publisher>Wardja Press</publisher>
        <date when="2026-10-02"/>
        <idno type="URL">https://protogermanic.org/pgmc_missijaną</idno>
      </publicationStmt>
      <sourceDesc>
        <p>Single-entry extract from the dictionary. Cross-references to other entries point to their identifiers in the full dictionary.</p>
      </sourceDesc>
    </fileDesc>
  </teiHeader>
  <text>
    <body>
      <div type="dictionary">
        <entry xml:id="pgmc_missijana" type="verb" corresp="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/missijaną">
          <form type="lemma">
            <orth>missijaną</orth>
            <pron notation="ipa">ˈmis.si.jɑ.nɑ̃</pron>
            <form type="runic">
              <orth>ᛗᛁᛊᛁᛃᚨᚾᚨ</orth>
            </form>
          </form>
          <gramGrp>
            <pos>verb</pos>
            <gram type="class">Weak class 1</gram>
          </gramGrp>
          <sense n="1">
            <def>to go wrong, fail</def>
          </sense>
          <sense n="2">
            <def>to miss</def>
          </sense>
          <etym>
            <seg type="p">From *missaz (‘alternate, abberant, wrong’) + *-janą.</seg>
          </etym>
          <re type="paradigm">
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #act #p1 #sg">
              <orth>missijō</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #act #p1 #sg">
              <orth>missijaų</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #pass #p1 #sg">
              <orth>missijai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #act #p2 #sg">
              <orth>missīsi</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #act #p2 #sg">
              <orth>missijais</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #imper #act #p2 #sg">
              <orth>missī</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #pass #p2 #sg">
              <orth>missijasai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #pass #p2 #sg">
              <orth>missijaisau</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #act #p3 #sg">
              <orth>missīþi</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #act #p3 #sg">
              <orth>missijai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #imper #act #p3 #sg">
              <orth>missijaþau</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #pass #p3 #sg">
              <orth>missijaþai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #pass #p3 #sg">
              <orth>missijaiþau</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #act #p1 #du">
              <orth>missijōs</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #act #p1 #du">
              <orth>missijaiw</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #act #p2 #du">
              <orth>missijaþiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #act #p2 #du">
              <orth>missijaiþiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #imper #act #p2 #du">
              <orth>missijaþiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #act #p1 #pl">
              <orth>missijamaz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #act #p1 #pl">
              <orth>missijaim</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #pass #p1 #pl">
              <orth>missijanþai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #pass #p1 #pl">
              <orth>missijainþau</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #act #p2 #pl">
              <orth>missīþ</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #act #p2 #pl">
              <orth>missijaiþ</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #imper #act #p2 #pl">
              <orth>missīþ</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #pass #p2 #pl">
              <orth>missijanþai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #pass #p2 #pl">
              <orth>missijainþau</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #act #p3 #pl">
              <orth>missijanþi</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #act #p3 #pl">
              <orth>missijain</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #imper #act #p3 #pl">
              <orth>missijanþau</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #pass #p3 #pl">
              <orth>missijanþai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #pass #p3 #pl">
              <orth>missijainþau</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #ind #p1 #sg">
              <orth>missidǭ</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #subj #p1 #sg">
              <orth>missidēdį̄</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #ind #p2 #sg">
              <orth>missidēz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #subj #p2 #sg">
              <orth>missidēdīz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #ind #p3 #sg">
              <orth>missidē</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #subj #p3 #sg">
              <orth>missidēdī</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #ind #p1 #du">
              <orth>missidēdū</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #subj #p1 #du">
              <orth>missidēdīw</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #ind #p2 #du">
              <orth>missidēdudiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #subj #p2 #du">
              <orth>missidēdīdiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #ind #p1 #pl">
              <orth>missidēdum</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #subj #p1 #pl">
              <orth>missidēdīm</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #ind #p2 #pl">
              <orth>missidēdud</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #subj #p2 #pl">
              <orth>missidēdīd</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #ind #p3 #pl">
              <orth>missidēdun</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #subj #p3 #pl">
              <orth>missidēdīn</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="participle" subtype="present">
              <orth>missijandz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="participle" subtype="past">
              <orth>missidaz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="infinitive">
              <orth>missijaną</orth>
            </form>
          </re>
          <re type="descendants">
            <list>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*missijan</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old Dutch</lang>
                    <orth>*missen</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Middle Dutch</lang>
                      <orth>missen</orth>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Dutch</lang>
                        <orth>missen</orth>
                      </form>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*missijan</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old English</lang>
                    <orth>missan</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Middle English</lang>
                      <orth>missen</orth>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Scots</lang>
                        <orth>mis, mys, miss</orth>
                      </form>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*missijan</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old English</lang>
                    <orth>missan</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Middle English</lang>
                      <orth>missen</orth>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>English</lang>
                        <orth>miss</orth>
                        <form type="descendant">
                          <lang>Danish</lang>
                          <orth>misse</orth>
                        </form>
                        <form type="descendant">
                          <lang>Maltese</lang>
                          <orth>mmisja</orth>
                        </form>
                      </form>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*missijan</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old Frisian</lang>
                    <orth>missa</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Saterland Frisian</lang>
                      <orth>misje, miste</orth>
                    </form>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>West Frisian</lang>
                      <orth>misse</orth>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*missijan</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old High German</lang>
                    <orth>missen</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Middle High German</lang>
                      <orth>missen</orth>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>German</lang>
                        <orth>missen</orth>
                      </form>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Luxembourgish</lang>
                        <orth>mëssen</orth>
                      </form>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*missijan</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old Saxon</lang>
                    <orth>*missian</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Middle Low German</lang>
                      <orth>missen</orth>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>German Low German</lang>
                        <orth>missen</orth>
                      </form>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Old Norse</lang>
                  <orth>missa</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Elfdalian</lang>
                    <orth>mista</orth>
                  </form>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Faroese</lang>
                    <orth>missa</orth>
                  </form>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Gutnish</lang>
                    <orth>miste</orth>
                  </form>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Icelandic</lang>
                    <orth>missa</orth>
                  </form>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Norwegian Nynorsk</lang>
                    <orth>missa, mista, myssa</orth>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Old Norse</lang>
                  <orth>missa</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old Danish</lang>
                    <orth>mistæ</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Scanian</lang>
                      <orth>mysta</orth>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Old Norse</lang>
                  <orth>missa</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old Danish</lang>
                    <orth>mistæ</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Danish</lang>
                      <orth>miste, misse</orth>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Norwegian Bokmål</lang>
                        <orth>miste, misse</orth>
                      </form>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Old Norse</lang>
                  <orth>missa</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old Swedish</lang>
                    <orth>mista</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Swedish</lang>
                      <orth>mista, missa</orth>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-Samic</lang>
                  <orth>*mëssētēk</orth>
                </form>
              </item>
            </list>
          </re>
        </entry>
      </div>
    </body>
  </text>
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