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    <fileDesc>
      <titleStmt>
        <title type="main">Wurdahuzdą: Proto-Germanic dictionary — *mistilaz</title>
        <author>Scott K. Shay</author>
      </titleStmt>
      <publicationStmt>
        <publisher>Wardja Press</publisher>
        <date when="2026-10-02"/>
        <idno type="URL">https://protogermanic.org/pgmc_mistilaz</idno>
      </publicationStmt>
      <sourceDesc>
        <p>Single-entry extract from the dictionary. Cross-references to other entries point to their identifiers in the full dictionary.</p>
      </sourceDesc>
    </fileDesc>
  </teiHeader>
  <text>
    <body>
      <list type="cognates">
        <item xml:id="cog_ine-x-proto_me_x2" xml:lang="ine-x-proto" type="etymon">
          <orth>*me</orth>
          <def>with, mid</def>
        </item>
        <item xml:id="cog_ine-x-proto_nisdos" xml:lang="ine-x-proto" type="etymon">
          <orth>*nisdós</orth>
          <def>nest</def>
        </item>
        <item xml:id="cog_ine-x-proto_pisdeh2" xml:lang="ine-x-proto" type="etymon">
          <orth>*písdeh₂</orth>
          <def>pudendum</def>
        </item>
      </list>
      <div type="dictionary">
        <entry xml:id="pgmc_mistilaz" type="noun" corresp="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/mistilaz">
          <form type="lemma">
            <orth>mistilaz</orth>
            <pron notation="ipa">ˈmis.ti.lɑz</pron>
            <form type="runic">
              <orth>ᛗᛁᛊᛏᛁᛚᚨᛉ</orth>
            </form>
          </form>
          <gramGrp>
            <pos>noun</pos>
            <gram type="gender">masculine</gram>
            <gram type="stem">a-stem</gram>
          </gramGrp>
          <sense n="1">
            <def>mistletoe</def>
          </sense>
          <etym>
            <seg type="p">Derived from Proto-Indo-European <mentioned xml:lang="ine-x-proto" target="#cog_ine-x-proto_me_x2"><ref target="#cog_ine-x-proto_me_x2">*me</ref></mentioned> (‘with, mid’) and a zero-grade of *sed- (‘to sit’) due to the fact that the plant parasitizes “sitting” on other plants, with the diminutive suffix + *-ilaz or + *-ilǭ known from Proto-Germanic *þistilaz (‘thistle’) and Proto-West Germanic *natilā (‘nettle’), compare for this derivation type Proto-Indo-European <mentioned xml:lang="ine-x-proto" target="#cog_ine-x-proto_nisdos"><ref target="#cog_ine-x-proto_nisdos">*nisdós</ref></mentioned> (‘nest’) and Proto-Indo-European <mentioned xml:lang="ine-x-proto" target="#cog_ine-x-proto_pisdeh2"><ref target="#cog_ine-x-proto_pisdeh2">*písdeh₂</ref></mentioned> (‘pudendum’).</seg>
          </etym>
          <re type="paradigm">
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #nom">
              <orth>mistilaz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #nom">
              <orth>mistilōz, mistilōs</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #acc">
              <orth>mistilą</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #acc">
              <orth>mistilanz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #gen">
              <orth>mistilas, mistilis</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #gen">
              <orth>mistilǫ̂</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #dat">
              <orth>mistilai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #dat">
              <orth>mistilamaz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #instr">
              <orth>mistilō</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #instr">
              <orth>mistilamiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #voc">
              <orth>mistil</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #voc">
              <orth>mistilōz, mistilōs</orth>
            </form>
          </re>
          <re type="descendants">
            <list>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*mistil</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old Dutch</lang>
                    <orth>*mistil</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Middle Dutch</lang>
                      <orth>mistel</orth>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Dutch</lang>
                        <orth>mistel</orth>
                      </form>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*mistil</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old English</lang>
                    <orth>mistel</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Middle English</lang>
                      <orth>mistel, mistell, mystil, mystill, mystyl</orth>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>English</lang>
                        <orth>mistle</orth>
                      </form>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Scots</lang>
                        <orth>misle</orth>
                      </form>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*mistil</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old Frisian</lang>
                    <orth>*mistel</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>West Frisian</lang>
                      <orth>mistel</orth>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*mistil</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old High German</lang>
                    <orth>mistil</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Middle High German</lang>
                      <orth>mistel</orth>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>German</lang>
                        <orth>Mistel</orth>
                      </form>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*mistil</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old Saxon</lang>
                    <orth>mistil</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Middle Low German</lang>
                      <orth>mistel</orth>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>German Low German</lang>
                        <orth>Mistel</orth>
                      </form>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Plautdietsch</lang>
                        <orth>Mistelplaunt</orth>
                      </form>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Old Norse</lang>
                  <orth>*mistil</orth>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Old Norse</lang>
                  <orth>mistilteinn</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Danish</lang>
                    <orth>mistelten</orth>
                  </form>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Faroese</lang>
                    <orth>mistilteinur</orth>
                  </form>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Icelandic</lang>
                    <orth>mistilteinn</orth>
                  </form>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Norwegian Bokmål</lang>
                    <orth>misteltein</orth>
                  </form>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Norwegian Nynorsk</lang>
                    <orth>misteltein</orth>
                  </form>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Swedish</lang>
                    <orth>mistel</orth>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Old Norse</lang>
                  <orth>mistilteinn</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old English</lang>
                    <orth>misteltān</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Middle English</lang>
                      <orth>mistelto, mistilte, mistilto, mysleto, mystyldene</orth>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>English</lang>
                        <orth>mistletoe</orth>
                      </form>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
            </list>
          </re>
        </entry>
      </div>
    </body>
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