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      <titleStmt>
        <title type="main">Wurdahuzdą: Proto-Germanic dictionary — *murþrijaną</title>
        <author>Scott K. Shay</author>
      </titleStmt>
      <publicationStmt>
        <publisher>Wardja Press</publisher>
        <date when="2026-10-02"/>
        <idno type="URL">https://protogermanic.org/pgmc_murþrijaną</idno>
      </publicationStmt>
      <sourceDesc>
        <p>Single-entry extract from the dictionary. Cross-references to other entries point to their identifiers in the full dictionary.</p>
      </sourceDesc>
    </fileDesc>
  </teiHeader>
  <text>
    <body>
      <div type="dictionary">
        <entry xml:id="pgmc_murthrijana" type="verb" corresp="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/murþrijaną">
          <form type="lemma">
            <orth>murþrijaną</orth>
            <pron notation="ipa">ˈmur.θri.jɑ.nɑ̃</pron>
            <form type="runic">
              <orth>ᛗᚢᚱᚦᚱᛁᛃᚨᚾᚨ</orth>
            </form>
          </form>
          <gramGrp>
            <pos>verb</pos>
            <gram type="class">Weak class 1</gram>
          </gramGrp>
          <sense n="1">
            <def>to murder</def>
          </sense>
          <etym>
            <seg type="p">From *murþrą (‘murder’) + *-janą.</seg>
          </etym>
          <re type="paradigm">
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #act #p1 #sg">
              <orth>murþrijō</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #act #p1 #sg">
              <orth>murþrijaų</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #pass #p1 #sg">
              <orth>murþrijai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #act #p2 #sg">
              <orth>murþrīsi</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #act #p2 #sg">
              <orth>murþrijais</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #imper #act #p2 #sg">
              <orth>murþrī</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #pass #p2 #sg">
              <orth>murþrijasai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #pass #p2 #sg">
              <orth>murþrijaisau</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #act #p3 #sg">
              <orth>murþrīþi</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #act #p3 #sg">
              <orth>murþrijai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #imper #act #p3 #sg">
              <orth>murþrijaþau</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #pass #p3 #sg">
              <orth>murþrijaþai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #pass #p3 #sg">
              <orth>murþrijaiþau</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #act #p1 #du">
              <orth>murþrijōs</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #act #p1 #du">
              <orth>murþrijaiw</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #act #p2 #du">
              <orth>murþrijaþiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #act #p2 #du">
              <orth>murþrijaiþiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #imper #act #p2 #du">
              <orth>murþrijaþiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #act #p1 #pl">
              <orth>murþrijamaz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #act #p1 #pl">
              <orth>murþrijaim</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #pass #p1 #pl">
              <orth>murþrijanþai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #pass #p1 #pl">
              <orth>murþrijainþau</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #act #p2 #pl">
              <orth>murþrīþ</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #act #p2 #pl">
              <orth>murþrijaiþ</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #imper #act #p2 #pl">
              <orth>murþrīþ</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #pass #p2 #pl">
              <orth>murþrijanþai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #pass #p2 #pl">
              <orth>murþrijainþau</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #act #p3 #pl">
              <orth>murþrijanþi</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #act #p3 #pl">
              <orth>murþrijain</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #imper #act #p3 #pl">
              <orth>murþrijanþau</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #ind #pass #p3 #pl">
              <orth>murþrijanþai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pres #subj #pass #p3 #pl">
              <orth>murþrijainþau</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #ind #p1 #sg">
              <orth>murþridǭ</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #subj #p1 #sg">
              <orth>murþridēdį̄</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #ind #p2 #sg">
              <orth>murþridēz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #subj #p2 #sg">
              <orth>murþridēdīz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #ind #p3 #sg">
              <orth>murþridē</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #subj #p3 #sg">
              <orth>murþridēdī</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #ind #p1 #du">
              <orth>murþridēdū</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #subj #p1 #du">
              <orth>murþridēdīw</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #ind #p2 #du">
              <orth>murþridēdudiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #subj #p2 #du">
              <orth>murþridēdīdiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #ind #p1 #pl">
              <orth>murþridēdum</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #subj #p1 #pl">
              <orth>murþridēdīm</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #ind #p2 #pl">
              <orth>murþridēdud</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #subj #p2 #pl">
              <orth>murþridēdīd</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #ind #p3 #pl">
              <orth>murþridēdun</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#past #subj #p3 #pl">
              <orth>murþridēdīn</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="participle" subtype="present">
              <orth>murþrijandz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="participle" subtype="past">
              <orth>murþridaz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="infinitive">
              <orth>murþrijaną</orth>
            </form>
          </re>
          <re type="descendants">
            <list>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*murþrijan</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old English</lang>
                    <orth>myrþran</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Middle English</lang>
                      <orth>murtheren, morthren, murdren, mordren</orth>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>English</lang>
                        <orth>murder</orth>
                      </form>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Scots</lang>
                        <orth>murther, murder</orth>
                      </form>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*murþrijan</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old French</lang>
                    <orth>murdrir, mordrir, mourdrir, meurdrir, meurtrir</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>English</lang>
                      <orth>murder</orth>
                    </form>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Medieval Latin</lang>
                      <orth>mordrire</orth>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*murþrijan</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old French</lang>
                    <orth>murdrir, mordrir, mourdrir, meurdrir, meurtrir</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Middle French</lang>
                      <orth>meurtrir</orth>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>French</lang>
                        <orth>meurtrir</orth>
                      </form>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*murþrijan</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old High German</lang>
                    <orth>murdiren, murdren</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Middle High German</lang>
                      <orth>mürdern, murderen, murderōn, morderen, morderōn, murdern</orth>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>German</lang>
                        <orth>mördern</orth>
                      </form>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Gothic</lang>
                  <orth>𐌼𐌰𐌿𐍂𐌸𐍂𐌾𐌰𐌽 (maurþrjan)</orth>
                </form>
              </item>
            </list>
          </re>
        </entry>
      </div>
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