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    <fileDesc>
      <titleStmt>
        <title type="main">Wurdahuzdą: Proto-Germanic dictionary — *mōdēr</title>
        <author>Scott K. Shay</author>
      </titleStmt>
      <publicationStmt>
        <publisher>Wardja Press</publisher>
        <date when="2026-10-01"/>
        <idno type="URL">https://protogermanic.org/pgmc_mōdēr</idno>
      </publicationStmt>
      <sourceDesc>
        <p>Single-entry extract from the dictionary. Cross-references to other entries point to their identifiers in the full dictionary.</p>
      </sourceDesc>
    </fileDesc>
  </teiHeader>
  <text>
    <body>
      <list type="cognates">
        <item xml:id="cog_ine-x-proto_meh2ter" xml:lang="ine-x-proto" type="etymon">
          <orth>*méh₂tēr</orth>
          <def>mother</def>
        </item>
      </list>
      <div type="dictionary">
        <entry xml:id="pgmc_moder" type="noun" corresp="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/mōdēr">
          <form type="lemma">
            <orth>mōdēr</orth>
            <pron notation="ipa">ˈmɔː.ðɛːr</pron>
            <form type="runic">
              <orth>ᛗᛟᛞᛖᚱ</orth>
            </form>
          </form>
          <gramGrp>
            <pos>noun</pos>
            <gram type="gender">feminine</gram>
            <gram type="stem">r-stem</gram>
          </gramGrp>
          <sense n="1">
            <def>mother</def>
          </sense>
          <etym>
            <seg type="p">From Proto-Indo-European <mentioned xml:lang="ine-x-proto" target="#cog_ine-x-proto_meh2ter"><ref target="#cog_ine-x-proto_meh2ter">*méh₂tēr</ref></mentioned> (‘mother’), via the suffix-stressed variant *meh₂tḗr.</seg>
          </etym>
          <re type="paradigm">
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #nom">
              <orth>mōdēr</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #nom">
              <orth>mōdriz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #acc">
              <orth>mōderų</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #acc">
              <orth>mōdrunz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #gen">
              <orth>mōdurz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #gen">
              <orth>mōdrǫ̂</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #dat">
              <orth>mōdri</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #dat">
              <orth>mōdrumaz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #instr">
              <orth>mōdrē</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #instr">
              <orth>mōdrumiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #voc">
              <orth>mōder</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #voc">
              <orth>mōdriz</orth>
            </form>
          </re>
          <re type="descendants">
            <list>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*mōder</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old Dutch</lang>
                    <orth>muoder</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Middle Dutch</lang>
                      <orth>moeder</orth>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Limburgish</lang>
                        <orth>moder</orth>
                      </form>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Zealandic</lang>
                        <orth>moeder</orth>
                      </form>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*mōder</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old Dutch</lang>
                    <orth>muoder</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Middle Dutch</lang>
                      <orth>moeder</orth>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Dutch</lang>
                        <orth>moeder, moer</orth>
                        <form type="descendant">
                          <lang>Afrikaans</lang>
                          <orth>moeder</orth>
                        </form>
                        <form type="descendant">
                          <lang>Negerhollands</lang>
                          <orth>muder, moeder</orth>
                        </form>
                        <form type="descendant">
                          <lang>Papiamentu</lang>
                          <orth>moer</orth>
                        </form>
                      </form>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*mōder</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old English</lang>
                    <orth>mōdor, mōdur, mōder, mōddor</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Middle English</lang>
                      <orth>moder</orth>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Scots</lang>
                        <orth>mither, medder, midder, moder, moeder, mideer, mother</orth>
                      </form>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Yola</lang>
                        <orth>moodher, moother, moothar</orth>
                      </form>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*mōder</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old English</lang>
                    <orth>mōdor, mōdur, mōder, mōddor</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Middle English</lang>
                      <orth>moder</orth>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>English</lang>
                        <orth>mother, mither</orth>
                        <form type="descendant">
                          <lang>Australian Kriol</lang>
                          <orth>motha</orth>
                        </form>
                        <form type="descendant">
                          <lang>Japanese</lang>
                          <orth>マザー (mazā)</orth>
                        </form>
                        <form type="descendant">
                          <lang>Korean</lang>
                          <orth>마더 (madeo)</orth>
                        </form>
                      </form>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*mōder</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old Frisian</lang>
                    <orth>mōder</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>North Frisian</lang>
                      <orth>?</orth>
                    </form>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Saterland Frisian</lang>
                      <orth>Múur, Mour, Mouer</orth>
                    </form>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>West Frisian</lang>
                      <orth>moer</orth>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*mōder</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old High German</lang>
                    <orth>muoter</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Middle High German</lang>
                      <orth>muoter</orth>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>East Franconian</lang>
                        <orth>Motter</orth>
                      </form>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Yiddish</lang>
                        <orth>מוטער (muter)</orth>
                      </form>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*mōder</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old High German</lang>
                    <orth>muoter</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Middle High German</lang>
                      <orth>muoter</orth>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Alemannic German</lang>
                        <orth>Mueter, Muetter, Mueder</orth>
                        <form type="descendant">
                          <lang>Swabian</lang>
                          <orth>Muadr, Mudder, Muddr, Muadar, Muddar</orth>
                        </form>
                        <form type="descendant">
                          <lang>Walser</lang>
                          <orth>muater, möter</orth>
                        </form>
                      </form>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*mōder</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old High German</lang>
                    <orth>muoter</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Middle High German</lang>
                      <orth>muoter</orth>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Bavarian</lang>
                        <orth>muatar, Muada, mueter, muiter</orth>
                        <form type="descendant">
                          <lang>Cimbrian</lang>
                          <orth>muatar, muutar</orth>
                        </form>
                      </form>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*mōder</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old High German</lang>
                    <orth>muoter</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Middle High German</lang>
                      <orth>muoter</orth>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Central Franconian</lang>
                        <orth>Modder, Motter</orth>
                        <form type="descendant">
                          <lang>Hunsrik</lang>
                          <orth>Mutter</orth>
                        </form>
                        <form type="descendant">
                          <lang>Luxembourgish</lang>
                          <orth>Mudder</orth>
                        </form>
                      </form>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*mōder</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old High German</lang>
                    <orth>muoter</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Middle High German</lang>
                      <orth>muoter</orth>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>East Central German</lang>
                        <orth>?</orth>
                        <form type="descendant">
                          <lang>Upper Saxon German</lang>
                          <orth>Muddor</orth>
                        </form>
                        <form type="descendant">
                          <lang>Vilamovian</lang>
                          <orth>mütter</orth>
                        </form>
                      </form>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*mōder</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old High German</lang>
                    <orth>muoter</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Middle High German</lang>
                      <orth>muoter</orth>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>German</lang>
                        <orth>Mutter, Mueter, Muetter, Muoter, Muotter, Muter</orth>
                        <form type="descendant">
                          <lang>Central Franconian</lang>
                          <orth>Motter</orth>
                        </form>
                        <form type="descendant">
                          <lang>Norwegian Nynorsk</lang>
                          <orth>muttern</orth>
                        </form>
                      </form>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*mōder</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old High German</lang>
                    <orth>muoter</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Middle High German</lang>
                      <orth>muoter</orth>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Rhine Franconian</lang>
                        <orth>Modder, Mudder, Morrer, Murrer</orth>
                        <form type="descendant">
                          <lang>Pennsylvania German</lang>
                          <orth>Mudder</orth>
                        </form>
                      </form>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*mōder</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old Saxon</lang>
                    <orth>mōdar</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Middle Low German</lang>
                      <orth>mōder</orth>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Low German</lang>
                        <orth>Moder, Moor</orth>
                      </form>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Old Norse</lang>
                  <orth>móðir</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Faroese</lang>
                    <orth>móðir</orth>
                  </form>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Gutnish</lang>
                    <orth>mor, moder</orth>
                  </form>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Icelandic</lang>
                    <orth>móðir</orth>
                  </form>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Norwegian</lang>
                    <orth>mor, moder</orth>
                  </form>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Scanian</lang>
                    <orth>moðer</orth>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Old Norse</lang>
                  <orth>móðir</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old Danish</lang>
                    <orth>mothær</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Danish</lang>
                      <orth>mor, moder</orth>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Old Norse</lang>
                  <orth>móðir</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old Swedish</lang>
                    <orth>mōþir</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Swedish</lang>
                      <orth>moder, mor</orth>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
            </list>
          </re>
        </entry>
      </div>
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