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    <fileDesc>
      <titleStmt>
        <title type="main">Wurdahuzdą: Proto-Germanic dictionary — *mōmǭ</title>
        <author>Scott K. Shay</author>
      </titleStmt>
      <publicationStmt>
        <publisher>Wardja Press</publisher>
        <date when="2026-10-01"/>
        <idno type="URL">https://protogermanic.org/pgmc_mōmǭ</idno>
      </publicationStmt>
      <sourceDesc>
        <p>Single-entry extract from the dictionary. Cross-references to other entries point to their identifiers in the full dictionary.</p>
      </sourceDesc>
    </fileDesc>
  </teiHeader>
  <text>
    <body>
      <list type="cognates">
        <item xml:id="cog_lat_mamma" xml:lang="lat" type="cognate">
          <orth>mamma</orth>
          <def>mother, mama, nurse</def>
        </item>
        <item xml:id="cog_lav_mama" xml:lang="lav" type="cognate">
          <orth>mãma</orth>
          <def>mother</def>
        </item>
        <item xml:id="cog_sga_muimme" xml:lang="sga" type="cognate">
          <orth>muimme</orth>
          <def>foster mother</def>
        </item>
      </list>
      <div type="dictionary">
        <entry xml:id="pgmc_momo" type="noun" corresp="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/mōmǭ">
          <form type="lemma">
            <orth>mōmǭ</orth>
            <pron notation="ipa">ˈmɔː.mɔ̃ː</pron>
            <form type="runic">
              <orth>ᛗᛟᛗᛟ</orth>
            </form>
          </form>
          <gramGrp>
            <pos>noun</pos>
            <gram type="gender">feminine</gram>
            <gram type="stem">ōn-stem</gram>
          </gramGrp>
          <sense n="1">
            <def>mama, mother</def>
          </sense>
          <sense n="2">
            <def>aunt, auntie</def>
          </sense>
          <etym>
            <seg type="p">From Proto-Indo-European *méh₂-meh₂-, reduplication of a base *méh₂- (‘mama, mother’). Cognate with Latin <mentioned xml:lang="lat" target="#cog_lat_mamma"><ref target="#cog_lat_mamma">mamma</ref></mentioned> (‘mother, mama, nurse’), Lithuanian mãma, momà (‘mother’), Latvian <mentioned xml:lang="lav" target="#cog_lav_mama"><ref target="#cog_lav_mama">mãma</ref></mentioned> (‘mother’), Old Irish <mentioned xml:lang="sga" target="#cog_sga_muimme"><ref target="#cog_sga_muimme">muimme</ref></mentioned> (‘foster mother’), Irish mam (‘mother’).</seg>
          </etym>
          <re type="paradigm">
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #nom">
              <orth>mōmǭ</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #nom">
              <orth>mōmōniz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #acc">
              <orth>mōmōnų</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #acc">
              <orth>mōmōnunz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #gen">
              <orth>mōmōniz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #gen">
              <orth>mōmōnǫ̂</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #dat">
              <orth>mōmōni</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #dat">
              <orth>mōmōmaz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #instr">
              <orth>mōmōnē</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #instr">
              <orth>mōmōmiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #voc">
              <orth>mōmǭ</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #voc">
              <orth>mōmōniz</orth>
            </form>
          </re>
          <re type="descendants">
            <list>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*mōmā</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old Dutch</lang>
                    <orth>*muoma</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Middle Dutch</lang>
                      <orth>moeme, mone, moene, moyne, memme, mamme</orth>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Dutch</lang>
                        <orth>moene, mem, mam</orth>
                      </form>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Limburgish</lang>
                        <orth>meun</orth>
                      </form>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*mōmā</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old English</lang>
                    <orth>*mōme</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Middle English</lang>
                      <orth>mome, mone</orth>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>English</lang>
                        <orth>mama, mam, mammy, mom, mommy, mum, mummy, minnie</orth>
                      </form>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Scots</lang>
                        <orth>mam, mamie, minnie, min</orth>
                      </form>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*mōmā</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old Frisian</lang>
                    <orth>*mōme</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Saterland Frisian</lang>
                      <orth>Mäme</orth>
                    </form>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>West Frisian</lang>
                      <orth>mem, mâm, memme, mâme</orth>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*mōmā</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old High German</lang>
                    <orth>muoma</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Middle High German</lang>
                      <orth>muome, mamme, memme</orth>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Alemannic German</lang>
                        <orth>?</orth>
                      </form>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>German</lang>
                        <orth>Muhme, Mamme</orth>
                      </form>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Yiddish</lang>
                        <orth>מומע (mume)</orth>
                      </form>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*mōmā</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old High German</lang>
                    <orth>muoma</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Middle High German</lang>
                      <orth>muome, mamme, memme</orth>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Central Franconian</lang>
                        <orth>Möhn, Mehn, Mihn, Mihm</orth>
                        <form type="descendant">
                          <lang>Luxembourgish</lang>
                          <orth>Mimm</orth>
                        </form>
                      </form>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*mōmā</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old Saxon</lang>
                    <orth>mōma, *mōme</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Middle Low German</lang>
                      <orth>môme, mône, mȫme</orth>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Low German</lang>
                        <orth>Mohme</orth>
                        <form type="descendant">
                          <lang>German Low German</lang>
                          <orth>Mohm, Möhm</orth>
                        </form>
                      </form>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Old Norse</lang>
                  <orth>*móma</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Elfdalian</lang>
                    <orth>muna</orth>
                  </form>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Icelandic</lang>
                    <orth>móna</orth>
                  </form>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Scots</lang>
                    <orth>minnie</orth>
                  </form>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Swedish</lang>
                    <orth>muna, liusmuna</orth>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Old Norse</lang>
                  <orth>móna</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Elfdalian</lang>
                    <orth>muna</orth>
                  </form>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Icelandic</lang>
                    <orth>móna</orth>
                  </form>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Scots</lang>
                    <orth>minnie</orth>
                  </form>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Swedish</lang>
                    <orth>muna, liusmuna</orth>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
            </list>
          </re>
        </entry>
      </div>
    </body>
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