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  <teiHeader>
    <fileDesc>
      <titleStmt>
        <title type="main">Wurdahuzdą: Proto-Germanic dictionary — *nabją</title>
        <author>Scott K. Shay</author>
      </titleStmt>
      <publicationStmt>
        <publisher>Wardja Press</publisher>
        <date when="2026-10-01"/>
        <idno type="URL">https://protogermanic.org/pgmc_nabją</idno>
      </publicationStmt>
      <sourceDesc>
        <p>Single-entry extract from the dictionary. Cross-references to other entries point to their identifiers in the full dictionary.</p>
      </sourceDesc>
    </fileDesc>
  </teiHeader>
  <text>
    <body>
      <list type="cognates">
        <item xml:id="cog_lit_snapas" xml:lang="lit" type="cognate">
          <orth>snãpas</orth>
          <def>snout</def>
        </item>
      </list>
      <div type="dictionary">
        <entry xml:id="pgmc_nabja" type="noun" corresp="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/nabją">
          <form type="lemma">
            <orth>nabją</orth>
            <pron notation="ipa">ˈnɑβ.jɑ̃</pron>
            <form type="runic">
              <orth>ᚾᚨᛒᛃᚨ</orth>
            </form>
          </form>
          <gramGrp>
            <pos>noun</pos>
            <gram type="gender">neuter</gram>
            <gram type="stem">ja-stem</gram>
          </gramGrp>
          <sense n="1">
            <def>beak</def>
          </sense>
          <sense n="2">
            <def>nose</def>
          </sense>
          <etym>
            <seg type="p">Uncertain. Has been taken as a derivative from *nabō (‘nave’), with sense development "nave" &gt; "protuberance, knob" &gt; "nose, beak", as well as to Gaulish nebba (‘bill’). Compare also Proto-Germanic *snabulaz (‘snout’), Lithuanian <mentioned xml:lang="lit" target="#cog_lit_snapas"><ref target="#cog_lit_snapas">snãpas</ref></mentioned> (‘snout’).</seg>
          </etym>
          <re type="paradigm">
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #nom">
              <orth>nabją</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #nom">
              <orth>nabjō</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #acc">
              <orth>nabją</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #acc">
              <orth>nabjō</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #gen">
              <orth>nabjas, nabis</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #gen">
              <orth>nabjǫ̂</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #dat">
              <orth>nabjai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #dat">
              <orth>nabjamaz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #instr">
              <orth>nabjō</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #instr">
              <orth>nabjamiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #voc">
              <orth>nabją</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #voc">
              <orth>nabjō</orth>
            </form>
          </re>
          <re type="descendants">
            <list>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*nabi</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old Dutch</lang>
                    <orth>*nebbi</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Middle Dutch</lang>
                      <orth>nebbe, neb, nyb</orth>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Dutch</lang>
                        <orth>nebbe, neb</orth>
                      </form>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*nabi</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old English</lang>
                    <orth>nebb, neb, nypel</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Middle English</lang>
                      <orth>neb, *neble, *nypil, *neple</orth>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Scots</lang>
                        <orth>neb, nebbie, nebbock</orth>
                      </form>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*nabi</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old English</lang>
                    <orth>nebb, neb, nypel</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Middle English</lang>
                      <orth>neb, *neble, *nypil, *neple</orth>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>English</lang>
                        <orth>neb, nib, nipple</orth>
                        <form type="descendant">
                          <lang>Dutch</lang>
                          <orth>nippel</orth>
                        </form>
                      </form>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*nabi</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old English</lang>
                    <orth>nebb, neb, nypel</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Middle English</lang>
                      <orth>neb, *neble, *nypil, *neple</orth>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>English</lang>
                        <orth>neb, nib, nipple</orth>
                        <form type="descendant">
                          <lang>German</lang>
                          <orth>Nippel</orth>
                          <form type="descendant">
                            <lang>Danish</lang>
                            <orth>nippel</orth>
                          </form>
                        </form>
                      </form>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*nabi</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old Frisian</lang>
                    <orth>*neb, *nib</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Saterland Frisian</lang>
                      <orth>Nib</orth>
                    </form>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>West Frisian</lang>
                      <orth>neb</orth>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*nabi</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old High German</lang>
                    <orth>*nebbi, *neppi</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Galician</lang>
                      <orth>napia</orth>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*nabi</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old High German</lang>
                    <orth>*nebbi, *neppi</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Middle High German</lang>
                      <orth>?</orth>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Alemannic German</lang>
                        <orth>niffen</orth>
                      </form>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Bavarian</lang>
                        <orth>niffela</orth>
                      </form>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*nabi</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old Saxon</lang>
                    <orth>*nebbi</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Middle Low German</lang>
                      <orth>nebbe, nibbe</orth>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>German Low German</lang>
                        <orth>Nibbe, Nipp, Niff, Nüff</orth>
                        <form type="descendant">
                          <lang>Galician</lang>
                          <orth>nifrar</orth>
                        </form>
                        <form type="descendant">
                          <lang>Italian</lang>
                          <orth>niffo, niffa</orth>
                        </form>
                        <form type="descendant">
                          <lang>Occitan</lang>
                          <orth>nefa</orth>
                        </form>
                        <form type="descendant">
                          <lang>Picard</lang>
                          <orth>nifler, niflette</orth>
                        </form>
                        <form type="descendant">
                          <lang>Walloon</lang>
                          <orth>r'nonflé</orth>
                        </form>
                      </form>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*nabi</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old Saxon</lang>
                    <orth>*nebbi</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Middle Low German</lang>
                      <orth>nebbe, nibbe</orth>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>German Low German</lang>
                        <orth>Nibbe, Nipp, Niff, Nüff</orth>
                        <form type="descendant">
                          <lang>French</lang>
                          <orth>nifler</orth>
                          <form type="descendant">
                            <lang>French</lang>
                            <orth>renifler</orth>
                          </form>
                        </form>
                      </form>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*nabi</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old Saxon</lang>
                    <orth>*nebbi</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Middle Low German</lang>
                      <orth>nebbe, nibbe</orth>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Old Swedish</lang>
                        <orth>næb, næbber</orth>
                        <form type="descendant">
                          <lang>Swedish</lang>
                          <orth>näbb</orth>
                        </form>
                      </form>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Old Norse</lang>
                  <orth>nef</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Danish</lang>
                    <orth>næb</orth>
                  </form>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Faroese</lang>
                    <orth>nev, nebb, nebbi</orth>
                  </form>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Icelandic</lang>
                    <orth>nef, nebbi</orth>
                  </form>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Norn</lang>
                    <orth>nev</orth>
                  </form>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Norwegian</lang>
                    <orth>nebb</orth>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Old Norse</lang>
                  <orth>nef</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old Swedish</lang>
                    <orth>næf</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Swedish</lang>
                      <orth>näv</orth>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Old Norse</lang>
                  <orth>nebbi</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Danish</lang>
                    <orth>næb</orth>
                  </form>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Faroese</lang>
                    <orth>nev, nebb, nebbi</orth>
                  </form>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Icelandic</lang>
                    <orth>nef, nebbi</orth>
                  </form>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Norn</lang>
                    <orth>nev</orth>
                  </form>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Norwegian</lang>
                    <orth>nebb</orth>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Old Norse</lang>
                  <orth>nebbi</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old Swedish</lang>
                    <orth>næf</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Swedish</lang>
                      <orth>näv</orth>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
            </list>
          </re>
        </entry>
      </div>
    </body>
  </text>
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