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  <teiHeader>
    <fileDesc>
      <titleStmt>
        <title type="main">Wurdahuzdą: Proto-Germanic dictionary — *nahts</title>
        <author>Scott K. Shay</author>
      </titleStmt>
      <publicationStmt>
        <publisher>Wardja Press</publisher>
        <date when="2026-10-01"/>
        <idno type="URL">https://protogermanic.org/pgmc_nahts</idno>
      </publicationStmt>
      <sourceDesc>
        <p>Single-entry extract from the dictionary. Cross-references to other entries point to their identifiers in the full dictionary.</p>
      </sourceDesc>
    </fileDesc>
  </teiHeader>
  <text>
    <body>
      <list type="cognates">
        <item xml:id="cog_ine-x-proto_nokwts" xml:lang="ine-x-proto" type="etymon">
          <orth>*nókʷts</orth>
          <def>night</def>
        </item>
      </list>
      <div type="dictionary">
        <entry xml:id="pgmc_nahts" type="noun" corresp="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/nahts">
          <form type="lemma">
            <orth>nahts</orth>
            <pron notation="ipa">ˈnɑxts</pron>
            <form type="runic">
              <orth>ᚾᚨᚺᛏᛊ</orth>
            </form>
          </form>
          <gramGrp>
            <pos>noun</pos>
            <gram type="gender">feminine</gram>
            <gram type="stem">consonant stem</gram>
          </gramGrp>
          <sense n="1">
            <def>night</def>
          </sense>
          <etym>
            <seg type="p">From Proto-Indo-European <mentioned xml:lang="ine-x-proto" target="#cog_ine-x-proto_nokwts"><ref target="#cog_ine-x-proto_nokwts">*nókʷts</ref></mentioned> (‘night’).</seg>
          </etym>
          <re type="paradigm">
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #nom">
              <orth>nahts</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #nom">
              <orth>nahtiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #acc">
              <orth>nahtų</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #acc">
              <orth>nahtunz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #gen">
              <orth>nahtiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #gen">
              <orth>nahtǫ̂</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #dat">
              <orth>nahti</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #dat">
              <orth>nahtumaz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #instr">
              <orth>nahtē</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #instr">
              <orth>nahtumiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #voc">
              <orth>naht</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #voc">
              <orth>nahtiz</orth>
            </form>
          </re>
          <re type="descendants">
            <list>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*naht</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old Dutch</lang>
                    <orth>naht</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Middle Dutch</lang>
                      <orth>nacht</orth>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Limburgish</lang>
                        <orth>nach</orth>
                      </form>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>West Flemish</lang>
                        <orth>nacht</orth>
                      </form>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*naht</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old Dutch</lang>
                    <orth>naht</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Middle Dutch</lang>
                      <orth>nacht</orth>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Dutch</lang>
                        <orth>nacht</orth>
                        <form type="descendant">
                          <lang>Afrikaans</lang>
                          <orth>nag</orth>
                        </form>
                        <form type="descendant">
                          <lang>Negerhollands</lang>
                          <orth>nacht, nagt</orth>
                        </form>
                      </form>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*naht</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old English</lang>
                    <orth>niht, næht, neaht, nieht, neht, nyht</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Middle English</lang>
                      <orth>nyght, naht, night, nighte, niȝt, niht, nyghte, nyȝt, nyȝte, nyhte</orth>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>English</lang>
                        <orth>night</orth>
                      </form>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Geordie</lang>
                        <orth>neet</orth>
                      </form>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Scots</lang>
                        <orth>nicht, neicht</orth>
                      </form>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Yola</lang>
                        <orth>neeght, nieght, nyeght</orth>
                      </form>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*naht</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old Frisian</lang>
                    <orth>nacht</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>North Frisian</lang>
                      <orth>?</orth>
                    </form>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Saterland Frisian</lang>
                      <orth>Noacht</orth>
                    </form>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>West Frisian</lang>
                      <orth>nacht</orth>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*naht</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old High German</lang>
                    <orth>naht</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Middle High German</lang>
                      <orth>naht</orth>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Bavarian</lang>
                        <orth>?</orth>
                      </form>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>German</lang>
                        <orth>Nacht</orth>
                      </form>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Hunsrik</lang>
                        <orth>Nacht, naacht</orth>
                      </form>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Luxembourgish</lang>
                        <orth>Nuecht, Nuet</orth>
                      </form>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Pennsylvania German</lang>
                        <orth>Nacht</orth>
                      </form>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Vilamovian</lang>
                        <orth>naocht</orth>
                      </form>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Yiddish</lang>
                        <orth>נאַכט (nakht)</orth>
                      </form>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*naht</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old High German</lang>
                    <orth>naht</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Middle High German</lang>
                      <orth>naht</orth>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Alemannic German</lang>
                        <orth>?</orth>
                        <form type="descendant">
                          <lang>Alsatian</lang>
                          <orth>Nàcht</orth>
                        </form>
                        <form type="descendant">
                          <lang>Swabian</lang>
                          <orth>Nachd</orth>
                        </form>
                      </form>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*naht</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old Saxon</lang>
                    <orth>naht, nacht</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Middle Low German</lang>
                      <orth>nacht</orth>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Plautdietsch</lang>
                        <orth>Nacht</orth>
                      </form>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*naht</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old Saxon</lang>
                    <orth>naht, nacht</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Middle Low German</lang>
                      <orth>nacht</orth>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Low German</lang>
                        <orth>?</orth>
                        <form type="descendant">
                          <lang>Dutch Low Saxon</lang>
                          <orth>nacht</orth>
                        </form>
                        <form type="descendant">
                          <lang>German Low German</lang>
                          <orth>Nacht</orth>
                        </form>
                      </form>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Old Norse</lang>
                  <orth>nátt</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Elfdalian</lang>
                    <orth>ną̊t</orth>
                  </form>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Faroese</lang>
                    <orth>nátt</orth>
                  </form>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Gutnish</lang>
                    <orth>nat</orth>
                  </form>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Icelandic</lang>
                    <orth>nátt, nótt</orth>
                  </form>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Norwegian Nynorsk</lang>
                    <orth>natt, nått, nott, nótt, nætt, nat</orth>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Old Norse</lang>
                  <orth>nátt</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old Danish</lang>
                    <orth>nāt</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Scanian</lang>
                      <orth>nøtt</orth>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Old Norse</lang>
                  <orth>nátt</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old Danish</lang>
                    <orth>nāt</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Danish</lang>
                      <orth>nat</orth>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Norwegian Bokmål</lang>
                        <orth>natt</orth>
                      </form>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Old Norse</lang>
                  <orth>nátt</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old Swedish</lang>
                    <orth>nāt</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Swedish</lang>
                      <orth>natt</orth>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Old Norse</lang>
                  <orth>nǫ́tt</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Elfdalian</lang>
                    <orth>ną̊t</orth>
                  </form>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Faroese</lang>
                    <orth>nátt</orth>
                  </form>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Gutnish</lang>
                    <orth>nat</orth>
                  </form>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Icelandic</lang>
                    <orth>nátt, nótt</orth>
                  </form>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Norwegian Nynorsk</lang>
                    <orth>natt, nått, nott, nótt, nætt, nat</orth>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Old Norse</lang>
                  <orth>nǫ́tt</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old Danish</lang>
                    <orth>nāt</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Scanian</lang>
                      <orth>nøtt</orth>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Old Norse</lang>
                  <orth>nǫ́tt</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old Danish</lang>
                    <orth>nāt</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Danish</lang>
                      <orth>nat</orth>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Norwegian Bokmål</lang>
                        <orth>natt</orth>
                      </form>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Old Norse</lang>
                  <orth>nǫ́tt</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old Swedish</lang>
                    <orth>nāt</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Swedish</lang>
                      <orth>natt</orth>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Old Norse</lang>
                  <orth>nótt</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Elfdalian</lang>
                    <orth>ną̊t</orth>
                  </form>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Faroese</lang>
                    <orth>nátt</orth>
                  </form>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Gutnish</lang>
                    <orth>nat</orth>
                  </form>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Icelandic</lang>
                    <orth>nátt, nótt</orth>
                  </form>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Norwegian Nynorsk</lang>
                    <orth>natt, nått, nott, nótt, nætt, nat</orth>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Old Norse</lang>
                  <orth>nótt</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old Danish</lang>
                    <orth>nāt</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Scanian</lang>
                      <orth>nøtt</orth>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Old Norse</lang>
                  <orth>nótt</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old Danish</lang>
                    <orth>nāt</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Danish</lang>
                      <orth>nat</orth>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Norwegian Bokmål</lang>
                        <orth>natt</orth>
                      </form>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Old Norse</lang>
                  <orth>nótt</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old Swedish</lang>
                    <orth>nāt</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Swedish</lang>
                      <orth>natt</orth>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Gothic</lang>
                  <orth>𐌽𐌰𐌷𐍄𐍃 (nahts)</orth>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-Samic</lang>
                  <orth>*nākcë</orth>
                </form>
              </item>
            </list>
          </re>
        </entry>
      </div>
    </body>
  </text>
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