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  <teiHeader>
    <fileDesc>
      <titleStmt>
        <title type="main">Wurdahuzdą: Proto-Germanic dictionary — *nakwadaz</title>
        <author>Scott K. Shay</author>
      </titleStmt>
      <publicationStmt>
        <publisher>Wardja Press</publisher>
        <date when="2026-10-01"/>
        <idno type="URL">https://protogermanic.org/pgmc_nakwadaz</idno>
      </publicationStmt>
      <sourceDesc>
        <p>Single-entry extract from the dictionary. Cross-references to other entries point to their identifiers in the full dictionary.</p>
      </sourceDesc>
    </fileDesc>
  </teiHeader>
  <text>
    <body>
      <list type="cognates">
        <item xml:id="cog_ine-x-proto_negw" xml:lang="ine-x-proto" type="etymon">
          <orth>*negʷ-</orth>
          <def>naked, bare</def>
        </item>
      </list>
      <div type="dictionary">
        <entry xml:id="pgmc_nakwadaz" type="adj" corresp="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/nakwadaz">
          <form type="lemma">
            <orth>nakwadaz</orth>
            <pron notation="ipa">ˈnɑ.kʷɑ.ðɑz</pron>
            <form type="runic">
              <orth>ᚾᚨᚲᚹᚨᛞᚨᛉ</orth>
            </form>
          </form>
          <gramGrp>
            <pos>adj</pos>
            <gram type="stem">a-stem</gram>
          </gramGrp>
          <sense n="1">
            <def>naked</def>
          </sense>
          <etym>
            <seg type="p">Ultimately from Proto-Indo-European <mentioned xml:lang="ine-x-proto" target="#cog_ine-x-proto_negw"><ref target="#cog_ine-x-proto_negw">*negʷ-</ref></mentioned> (‘naked, bare’); see there for the cognates.</seg>
          </etym>
          <re type="paradigm">
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #nom #masc #strong">
              <orth>nakwadaz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #nom #fem #strong">
              <orth>nakwadō</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #nom #neut #strong">
              <orth>nakwadą, -atō</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #nom #masc #strong">
              <orth>nakwadai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #nom #fem #strong">
              <orth>nakwadôz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #nom #neut #strong">
              <orth>nakwadō</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #acc #masc #strong">
              <orth>nakwadanǭ</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #acc #fem #strong">
              <orth>nakwadǭ</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #acc #neut #strong">
              <orth>nakwadą, -atō</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #acc #masc #strong">
              <orth>nakwadanz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #acc #fem #strong">
              <orth>nakwadōz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #acc #neut #strong">
              <orth>nakwadō</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #gen #masc #strong">
              <orth>nakwadas, -is</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #gen #fem #strong">
              <orth>nakwadaizōz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #gen #neut #strong">
              <orth>nakwadas, -is</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #gen #masc #strong">
              <orth>nakwadaizǫ̂</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #gen #fem #strong">
              <orth>nakwadaizǫ̂</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #gen #neut #strong">
              <orth>nakwadaizǫ̂</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #dat #masc #strong">
              <orth>nakwadammai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #dat #fem #strong">
              <orth>nakwadaizōi</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #dat #neut #strong">
              <orth>nakwadammai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #dat #masc #strong">
              <orth>nakwadaimaz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #dat #fem #strong">
              <orth>nakwadaimaz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #dat #neut #strong">
              <orth>nakwadaimaz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #instr #masc #strong">
              <orth>nakwadanō</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #instr #fem #strong">
              <orth>nakwadaizō</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #instr #neut #strong">
              <orth>nakwadanō</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #instr #masc #strong">
              <orth>nakwadaimiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #instr #fem #strong">
              <orth>nakwadaimiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #instr #neut #strong">
              <orth>nakwadaimiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #nom #masc #weak">
              <orth>nakwadô</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #nom #fem #weak">
              <orth>nakwadǭ</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #nom #neut #weak">
              <orth>nakwadô</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #nom #masc #weak">
              <orth>nakwadaniz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #nom #fem #weak">
              <orth>nakwadōniz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #nom #neut #weak">
              <orth>nakwadōnō</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #acc #masc #weak">
              <orth>nakwadanų</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #acc #fem #weak">
              <orth>nakwadōnų</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #acc #neut #weak">
              <orth>nakwadô</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #acc #masc #weak">
              <orth>nakwadanunz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #acc #fem #weak">
              <orth>nakwadōnunz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #acc #neut #weak">
              <orth>nakwadōnō</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #gen #masc #weak">
              <orth>nakwadiniz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #gen #fem #weak">
              <orth>nakwadōniz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #gen #neut #weak">
              <orth>nakwadiniz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #gen #masc #weak">
              <orth>nakwadanǫ̂</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #gen #fem #weak">
              <orth>nakwadōnǫ̂</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #gen #neut #weak">
              <orth>nakwadanǫ̂</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #dat #masc #weak">
              <orth>nakwadini</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #dat #fem #weak">
              <orth>nakwadōni</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #dat #neut #weak">
              <orth>nakwadini</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #dat #masc #weak">
              <orth>nakwadammaz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #dat #fem #weak">
              <orth>nakwadōmaz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #dat #neut #weak">
              <orth>nakwadammaz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #instr #masc #weak">
              <orth>nakwadinē</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #instr #fem #weak">
              <orth>nakwadōnē</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #instr #neut #weak">
              <orth>nakwadinē</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #instr #masc #weak">
              <orth>nakwadammiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #instr #fem #weak">
              <orth>nakwadōmiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #instr #neut #weak">
              <orth>nakwadammiz</orth>
            </form>
          </re>
          <re type="descendants">
            <list>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*nak(k)wad</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old Dutch</lang>
                    <orth>nacot</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Middle Dutch</lang>
                      <orth>naket, nāect</orth>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Dutch</lang>
                        <orth>naakt, nakend</orth>
                        <form type="descendant">
                          <lang>Negerhollands</lang>
                          <orth>nakket, naket, naakt, naekt</orth>
                        </form>
                      </form>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*nak(k)wad</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old English</lang>
                    <orth>nacod</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Middle English</lang>
                      <orth>naked, nakit</orth>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>English</lang>
                        <orth>naked</orth>
                      </form>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Scots</lang>
                        <orth>nakit, naikit, nakkit</orth>
                      </form>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*nak(k)wad</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old Frisian</lang>
                    <orth>nakad, naked</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Saterland Frisian</lang>
                      <orth>noakend</orth>
                    </form>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>West Frisian</lang>
                      <orth>neaken</orth>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*nak(k)wad</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old High German</lang>
                    <orth>nackot, nachot</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Middle High German</lang>
                      <orth>nacket</orth>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>German</lang>
                        <orth>nackt, nackend, nackert, nackicht, nackig</orth>
                      </form>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*nak(k)wad</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old Saxon</lang>
                    <orth>*nakod</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Middle Low German</lang>
                      <orth>naket</orth>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Low German</lang>
                        <orth>naakd, naked</orth>
                      </form>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Old Norse</lang>
                  <orth>nakinn</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Elfdalian</lang>
                    <orth>nakun</orth>
                  </form>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Faroese</lang>
                    <orth>nakin</orth>
                  </form>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Gutnish</lang>
                    <orth>naken, nakuer, nåkur, nåkvar, nåkugur, nåkagur</orth>
                  </form>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Icelandic</lang>
                    <orth>nakinn</orth>
                  </form>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Norwegian Bokmål</lang>
                    <orth>naken</orth>
                  </form>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Norwegian Nynorsk</lang>
                    <orth>naken, nakin</orth>
                  </form>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Scanian</lang>
                    <orth>nægen, nǫgen</orth>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Old Norse</lang>
                  <orth>nakinn</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old Danish</lang>
                    <orth>nøkæn</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Danish</lang>
                      <orth>nøgen, nagen</orth>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Norwegian Bokmål</lang>
                        <orth>nøken</orth>
                      </form>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Old Norse</lang>
                  <orth>nakinn</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old Swedish</lang>
                    <orth>nakin, nakudher, naqvidher</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Swedish</lang>
                      <orth>naken</orth>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Old Norse</lang>
                  <orth>nǫkkviðr</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Elfdalian</lang>
                    <orth>nakun</orth>
                  </form>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Faroese</lang>
                    <orth>nakin</orth>
                  </form>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Gutnish</lang>
                    <orth>naken, nakuer, nåkur, nåkvar, nåkugur, nåkagur</orth>
                  </form>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Icelandic</lang>
                    <orth>nakinn</orth>
                  </form>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Norwegian Bokmål</lang>
                    <orth>naken</orth>
                  </form>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Norwegian Nynorsk</lang>
                    <orth>naken, nakin</orth>
                  </form>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Scanian</lang>
                    <orth>nægen, nǫgen</orth>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Old Norse</lang>
                  <orth>nǫkkviðr</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old Danish</lang>
                    <orth>nøkæn</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Danish</lang>
                      <orth>nøgen, nagen</orth>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Norwegian Bokmål</lang>
                        <orth>nøken</orth>
                      </form>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Old Norse</lang>
                  <orth>nǫkkviðr</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old Swedish</lang>
                    <orth>nakin, nakudher, naqvidher</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Swedish</lang>
                      <orth>naken</orth>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Gothic</lang>
                  <orth>𐌽𐌰𐌵𐌰𐌸𐍃 (naqaþs)</orth>
                </form>
              </item>
            </list>
          </re>
        </entry>
      </div>
    </body>
  </text>
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