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    <fileDesc>
      <titleStmt>
        <title type="main">Wurdahuzdą: Proto-Germanic dictionary — *natǭ</title>
        <author>Scott K. Shay</author>
      </titleStmt>
      <publicationStmt>
        <publisher>Wardja Press</publisher>
        <date when="2026-10-02"/>
        <idno type="URL">https://protogermanic.org/pgmc_natǭ</idno>
      </publicationStmt>
      <sourceDesc>
        <p>Single-entry extract from the dictionary. Cross-references to other entries point to their identifiers in the full dictionary.</p>
      </sourceDesc>
    </fileDesc>
  </teiHeader>
  <text>
    <body>
      <list type="cognates">
        <item xml:id="cog_ine-x-proto_neh2d" xml:lang="ine-x-proto" type="etymon">
          <orth>*neh₂d-</orth>
          <def>to twist, knot, tie</def>
        </item>
        <item xml:id="cog_sga_nenaid" xml:lang="sga" type="cognate">
          <orth>nenaid</orth>
          <def>nettle</def>
        </item>
        <item xml:id="cog_sla-x-proto_nat" xml:lang="sla-x-proto" type="cognate">
          <orth>*natь</orth>
          <def>leaves and stems of some vegetables</def>
        </item>
      </list>
      <div type="dictionary">
        <entry xml:id="pgmc_nato" type="noun" corresp="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/natǭ">
          <form type="lemma">
            <orth>natǭ</orth>
            <pron notation="ipa">ˈnɑ.tɔ̃ː</pron>
            <form type="runic">
              <orth>ᚾᚨᛏᛟ</orth>
            </form>
          </form>
          <gramGrp>
            <pos>noun</pos>
            <gram type="gender">feminine</gram>
            <gram type="stem">ōn-stem</gram>
          </gramGrp>
          <sense n="1">
            <def>nettle</def>
          </sense>
          <etym>
            <seg type="p">Uncertain; perhaps from Proto-Indo-European <mentioned xml:lang="ine-x-proto" target="#cog_ine-x-proto_neh2d"><ref target="#cog_ine-x-proto_neh2d">*neh₂d-</ref></mentioned> (‘to twist, knot, tie’), whence also *natją (‘net’), as nettle fibers were used for making nets. In this case, possibly cognate with Old Irish <mentioned xml:lang="sga" target="#cog_sga_nenaid"><ref target="#cog_sga_nenaid">nenaid</ref></mentioned> (‘nettle’), Proto-Slavic <mentioned xml:lang="sla-x-proto" target="#cog_sla-x-proto_nat"><ref target="#cog_sla-x-proto_nat">*natь</ref></mentioned> (‘leaves and stems of some vegetables’), the latter which may have been borrowed from Germanic.</seg>
          </etym>
          <re type="paradigm">
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #nom">
              <orth>natǭ</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #nom">
              <orth>natōniz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #acc">
              <orth>natōnų</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #acc">
              <orth>natōnunz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #gen">
              <orth>natōniz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #gen">
              <orth>natōnǫ̂</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #dat">
              <orth>natōni</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #dat">
              <orth>natōmaz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #instr">
              <orth>natōnē</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #instr">
              <orth>natōmiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #voc">
              <orth>natǭ</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #voc">
              <orth>natōniz</orth>
            </form>
          </re>
          <re type="descendants">
            <list>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*natā</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old High German</lang>
                    <orth>nazza</orth>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*natā</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                    <orth>*natilā</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Old Dutch</lang>
                      <orth>*netila</orth>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Middle Dutch</lang>
                        <orth>nētele, nettel</orth>
                        <form type="descendant">
                          <lang>Dutch</lang>
                          <orth>netel</orth>
                        </form>
                      </form>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*natā</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                    <orth>*natilā</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Old English</lang>
                      <orth>netele, netle</orth>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Middle English</lang>
                        <orth>netele, netle, nettle</orth>
                        <form type="descendant">
                          <lang>English</lang>
                          <orth>nettle</orth>
                        </form>
                        <form type="descendant">
                          <lang>Scots</lang>
                          <orth>nettill</orth>
                        </form>
                      </form>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*natā</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                    <orth>*natilā</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Old Frisian</lang>
                      <orth>*netele</orth>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Saterland Frisian</lang>
                        <orth>Neetele, Neetel</orth>
                      </form>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>West Frisian</lang>
                        <orth>nettel</orth>
                      </form>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*natā</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                    <orth>*natilā</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Old High German</lang>
                      <orth>nezzila</orth>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Middle High German</lang>
                        <orth>nezzel</orth>
                        <form type="descendant">
                          <lang>Cimbrian</lang>
                          <orth>éssala</orth>
                        </form>
                        <form type="descendant">
                          <lang>Yiddish</lang>
                          <orth>ניסול (nisul)</orth>
                        </form>
                      </form>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*natā</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                    <orth>*natilā</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Old High German</lang>
                      <orth>nezzila</orth>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Middle High German</lang>
                        <orth>nezzel</orth>
                        <form type="descendant">
                          <lang>German</lang>
                          <orth>Nessel</orth>
                          <form type="descendant">
                            <lang>Yiddish</lang>
                            <orth>ברעננעסל (brennesl)</orth>
                          </form>
                        </form>
                      </form>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*natā</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                    <orth>*natilā</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Old Saxon</lang>
                      <orth>netila</orth>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Middle Low German</lang>
                        <orth>nêtele, nettele, nettel</orth>
                        <form type="descendant">
                          <lang>Danish</lang>
                          <orth>nelde, nælde</orth>
                        </form>
                        <form type="descendant">
                          <lang>Dutch Low Saxon</lang>
                          <orth>?</orth>
                        </form>
                        <form type="descendant">
                          <lang>German Low German</lang>
                          <orth>?</orth>
                        </form>
                        <form type="descendant">
                          <lang>Norwegian</lang>
                          <orth>nesle, netla, nesla, natla</orth>
                        </form>
                        <form type="descendant">
                          <lang>Scanian</lang>
                          <orth>nælla</orth>
                        </form>
                      </form>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*natā</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                    <orth>*natilā</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Old Saxon</lang>
                      <orth>netila</orth>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Middle Low German</lang>
                        <orth>nêtele, nettele, nettel</orth>
                        <form type="descendant">
                          <lang>Old Swedish</lang>
                          <orth>nætla</orth>
                          <form type="descendant">
                            <lang>Swedish</lang>
                            <orth>nässla, nättla, nälla</orth>
                          </form>
                        </form>
                      </form>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Old Norse</lang>
                  <orth>nata</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Faroese</lang>
                    <orth>nota</orth>
                  </form>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Gutnish</lang>
                    <orth>nata</orth>
                  </form>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Norwegian Nynorsk</lang>
                    <orth>nata, brennuttu</orth>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Old Norse</lang>
                  <orth>nǫt</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Faroese</lang>
                    <orth>nota</orth>
                  </form>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Gutnish</lang>
                    <orth>nata</orth>
                  </form>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Norwegian Nynorsk</lang>
                    <orth>nata, brennuttu</orth>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-Slavic</lang>
                  <orth>*natь</orth>
                </form>
              </item>
            </list>
          </re>
        </entry>
      </div>
    </body>
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