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    <fileDesc>
      <titleStmt>
        <title type="main">Wurdahuzdą: Proto-Germanic dictionary — *nautą</title>
        <author>Scott K. Shay</author>
      </titleStmt>
      <publicationStmt>
        <publisher>Wardja Press</publisher>
        <date when="2026-10-01"/>
        <idno type="URL">https://protogermanic.org/pgmc_nautą</idno>
      </publicationStmt>
      <sourceDesc>
        <p>Single-entry extract from the dictionary. Cross-references to other entries point to their identifiers in the full dictionary.</p>
      </sourceDesc>
    </fileDesc>
  </teiHeader>
  <text>
    <body>
      <list type="cognates">
        <item xml:id="cog_ine-x-proto_newd" xml:lang="ine-x-proto" type="etymon">
          <orth>*newd-</orth>
          <def>to acquire, make use of</def>
        </item>
        <item xml:id="cog_lit_nauda" xml:lang="lit" type="cognate">
          <orth>naudà</orth>
          <def>utility, usefulness, note</def>
        </item>
      </list>
      <div type="dictionary">
        <entry xml:id="pgmc_nauta" type="noun" corresp="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/nautą">
          <form type="lemma">
            <orth>nautą</orth>
            <pron notation="ipa">ˈnɑu̯.tɑ̃</pron>
            <form type="runic">
              <orth>ᚾᚨᚢᛏᚨ</orth>
            </form>
          </form>
          <gramGrp>
            <pos>noun</pos>
            <gram type="gender">neuter</gram>
            <gram type="stem">a-stem</gram>
          </gramGrp>
          <sense n="1">
            <def>benefit; profit; foredeal</def>
          </sense>
          <sense n="2">
            <def>possession</def>
          </sense>
          <sense n="3">
            <def>livestock; cattle</def>
          </sense>
          <etym>
            <seg type="p">An a-stem of *neutaną (‘to use, make use of; to enjoy’) (with original meaning likely "utilizable (cattle)"), from Proto-Indo-European <mentioned xml:lang="ine-x-proto" target="#cog_ine-x-proto_newd"><ref target="#cog_ine-x-proto_newd">*newd-</ref></mentioned> (‘to acquire, make use of’). Cognate with Lithuanian <mentioned xml:lang="lit" target="#cog_lit_nauda"><ref target="#cog_lit_nauda">naudà</ref></mentioned> (‘utility, usefulness, note’).</seg>
          </etym>
          <re type="paradigm">
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #nom">
              <orth>nautą</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #nom">
              <orth>nautō</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #acc">
              <orth>nautą</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #acc">
              <orth>nautō</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #gen">
              <orth>nautas, nautis</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #gen">
              <orth>nautǫ̂</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #dat">
              <orth>nautai</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #dat">
              <orth>nautamaz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #instr">
              <orth>nautō</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #instr">
              <orth>nautamiz</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#sg #voc">
              <orth>nautą</orth>
            </form>
            <form type="inflected" ana="#pl #voc">
              <orth>nautō</orth>
            </form>
          </re>
          <re type="descendants">
            <list>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*naut</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old Dutch</lang>
                    <orth>nōt</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Middle Dutch</lang>
                      <orth>noot</orth>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Dutch</lang>
                        <orth>noot, nootstal</orth>
                      </form>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*naut</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old English</lang>
                    <orth>nēat</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Middle English</lang>
                      <orth>net, nete, neet</orth>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>English</lang>
                        <orth>neat</orth>
                      </form>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Scots</lang>
                        <orth>neat, neit</orth>
                      </form>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*naut</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old Frisian</lang>
                    <orth>nāt</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>North Frisian</lang>
                      <orth>nut, nuat, nuet, nyt</orth>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*naut</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old High German</lang>
                    <orth>nōȥ</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Middle High German</lang>
                      <orth>nōȥ</orth>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Alemannic German</lang>
                        <orth>Nooss</orth>
                      </form>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Bavarian</lang>
                        <orth>Noß</orth>
                      </form>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-West Germanic</lang>
                  <orth>*naut</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old Saxon</lang>
                    <orth>*nōt, nōtil</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Middle Low German</lang>
                      <orth>*nôt, nôthof</orth>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-Norse</lang>
                  <orth>?</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old Norse</lang>
                    <orth>naut</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Faroese</lang>
                      <orth>neyt</orth>
                    </form>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Icelandic</lang>
                      <orth>naut</orth>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-Norse</lang>
                  <orth>?</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old Norse</lang>
                    <orth>naut</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Middle English</lang>
                      <orth>naut, naute, noute, nowte</orth>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>English</lang>
                        <orth>nowt, nolt</orth>
                      </form>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Scots</lang>
                        <orth>nowt, nolt</orth>
                      </form>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-Norse</lang>
                  <orth>?</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old Norse</lang>
                    <orth>naut</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Old Danish</lang>
                      <orth>nøt</orth>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Danish</lang>
                        <orth>nød</orth>
                      </form>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-Norse</lang>
                  <orth>?</orth>
                  <form type="descendant">
                    <lang>Old Norse</lang>
                    <orth>naut</orth>
                    <form type="descendant">
                      <lang>Old Swedish</lang>
                      <orth>nø̄t</orth>
                      <form type="descendant">
                        <lang>Swedish</lang>
                        <orth>nöt</orth>
                      </form>
                    </form>
                  </form>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-Slavic</lang>
                  <orth>*nuta</orth>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-Finnic</lang>
                  <orth>*nauta</orth>
                </form>
              </item>
              <item>
                <form type="descendant">
                  <lang>Proto-Samic</lang>
                  <orth>*nāvtē</orth>
                </form>
              </item>
            </list>
          </re>
        </entry>
      </div>
    </body>
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